Microbial Salinity Cell (MSC) can simultaneously desalinate water and generate electricity from the biodegradation of organic compound in wastewater.Utilization of a three-chambers configuration system along with electrolyte recirculation, creates a desalination process which occurs when the salt ions from the anode and cathode chambers are accumulated into the middle chamber, driven by the electrical energy generated from the organic compound biodegradation.The performance of three-chambers electrolyte recirculation MSC was investigated using three different NaCl concentrations of 2.0 g/L, 4.0 g/L, and 8.0 g/L, with the acetate concentration of 0.82 g/L.At 2.0 g/L NaCl, the maximum power density production was 42.76 mW/m 2 , increasing conductivity in the middle chamber from 15.09 µS/cm to 0.74 mS/cm.At 4.0 g/L, the maximum power density reached was 53.37 mW/m 2 , and conductivity in the middle chamber was raised from 60.08 µS/cm to 2.74 mS/cm.At 8.0 g/L, the power density was 29.29 mW/m 2 and conductivity in the middle chamber increased from 10.0 µS/cm to1.65 mS/cm.The performance of MSC was correlated with the initial NaCl concentration, with optimum NaCl concentration which was at 4.0 g/L, able to generate the highest power of 53.37 mW/m 2 and showed the highest increasing conductivity from 80.8 to 2.74 mS/cm.
Wastewater that contains high concentration of nutrients can create instability in water ecosystem if left untreated.Laundry wastewater contains nutrients in high concentration.The nutrients that commonly found in laundry wastewater are nitrogen and phosphorus.This study had a purpose to determine the effect of illumination period and light intensity for the removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Nitrogen-ammonia (NH 3 -N), and phosphate (P) content using Chlorella vulgaris in High Rate Algal Reactor (HRAR) treatment.Variables that used were exposure period of 12 and 24 hours and light intensity of 2000-3000 Lux, 4000-5000 Lux, and 6000-7000 lux.The parameters tested to determine the efficiency of nutrient removal were COD, Nitrogen-ammonia, phosphate and Chlorophyll α to determine the condition of algae development.The results showed that the highest nutrient removal were obtained by the reactor with 24 hours illumination period with light intensity of 6000-7000 Lux that was capable of removing 54.63% of COD, and 22.15% of P. The 12-hour illumination period was better in terms of NH 3 -N removal, up to 50.07%.On the basis of the of statistic test result, the illumination period did not significantly influence the removal efficiency of COD, NH 3 -N and P indicated by P-value >0.05, while the light intensity significantly affect the removal of COD and NH 3 -N showed by P value <0.05.
Aquaculture wastewater treatment not only assists in alleviating the scarcity of clean water for daily usage and environmental pollution, but also generates valuable byproducts. This paper aims to review the generation of wastewater from the aquaculture sector, its characteristics, and available treatment technologies, while comprehensively discussing the adoption of a biocircular economy approach through waste valorization. With rich nutrients, such as nitrogenous compounds, and the presence of phosphorus in the aquaculture effluent, these aspects could be explored and valorized into biofertilizers, broadening their application in aquaponics and hydroponics, as well as in algae and daphnid cultivation. Biofertilizer can also be used in agriculture because it contains essential elements needed by plants. Thus, methods of converting nutrients into biofertilizers in terms of sludge recovery can be accomplished via anaerobic and aerobic digestion, drying, composting, and vermicomposting. Moving forward, aquaculture effluent recovery is addressed under the biocircular economy by re-engaging aquaculture wastewater effluents into the production cycle. The enhancement of aquaculture effluents and biomass for uses such as aquaponics, hydroponics, algae cultivation, daphnid co-cultivation, and biofertilizers presents valuable opportunities for nutrient recovery while ensuring that non-toxic wastewater can be safely discharged into external water bodies. This approach has the potential to revolutionize wastewater treatment in aquaculture, shifting the economic model of wastewater management from a linear system to a circular, more sustainable one.
Prognosa angka harapan hidup neonatus tergantung pada berat lahir dan usia kehamilan. Bayi prematur memerlukan proses penyesuaian dari kehidupan di dalam uterus ke luar uterus dan bayi prematur lebih sulit melewati proses adaptasi tersebut dibandingkan dengan bayi normal. Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) merupakan unit khusus untuk perawatan bayi baru lahir, termasuk bayi prematur yang membutuhkan tindakan resusitasi sampai bayi benar-benar siap beradaptasi dengan lingkungan luar. Kondisi lingkungan di ruang NICU sangat kompleks dan pada umumnya menimbulkan stimulasi berlebihan. Stimulasi berlebihan yang dialami bayi prematur berupa bising, cahaya berlebihan, handling, serta tindakan invasive Perawatan bayi prematur di unit perawatan intensif dapat menimbulkan stimulasi berlebihan bahkan stres fisik pada bayi akibat prosedur invasif yang rutin dilakukan. Studi fenomenologi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengalaman perawat dalam mengambil keputusan untuk pelaksanaan tindakan invasif pada bayi prematur. Partisipan berjumlah 7 orang perawat di ruang perinatologi yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi tema perilaku etis saat pelaksanaan tindakan invasif antara lain: 1) memenuhi hak kebebasan pasien, 2) memberi manfaat dan meminimalkan bahaya ketidaknyamanan selama prosedur, dan 3) menerapkan keadilan selama tindakan. Penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan dapat mengevaluasi secara kuantitatif kemampuan pengambilan keputusan etik perawat dalam pelaksanaan tindakan invasif selama proses asuhan keperawatan pada bayi prematur.