Jo Cavanagh

Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research

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Subsurface cadmium loss from a stony soil—effect of cow urine application

Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2017)

C. W. Gray Jane Chrystal R. M. Monaghan Jo Cavanagh

10.1007/s11356-017-8865-0

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Citations (10)

Symbiosis between Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strain TA1 and a white clover cultivar benefits clover tolerance to cadmium toxicity

Figshare (2019)

Sandra Young Chikako van Koten C. W. Gray Jo Cavanagh Steven A. Wakelin

New Zealand pastoral productivity relies heavily on biological nitrogen (N) fixation from rhizobia bacteria. Cadmium (Cd), present in pasture soils as an impurity in phosphate fertilisers, may have toxic effects on both plant growth and rhizobia activity. Effects of Cd on growth of seedlings of a white clover cultivar ‘Grasslands Tribute’, in the absence and presence of the N₂-fixing Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strain TA1, were assessed in vermiculite microcosm assays. The lowest observable effect concentrations resulting in significantly lower white clover shoot weights than those grown without Cd were 0.07 mg Cd kg⁻¹ (measured as Ca(NO₃)₂-extractable Cd, Cd_extractable) in the absence of Rhizobium, and 2.33 mg Cd_extractable kg⁻¹ for Rhizobium-inoculated seedlings. Shoot N content was unaffected in white clover exposed to <5 mg Cd_extractable kg⁻¹. The results indicate symbiosis with Rhizobium strain TA1 conferred tolerance to white clover ‘Grasslands Tribute’ against Cd toxicity, and that this symbiosis is unlikely to be adversely affected by Cd concentrations reported (<0.003 mg Cd_extractable kg⁻¹) in New Zealand pasture soils.

Rhizobium leguminosarum

Strain (injury)

Trifolium repens

White (mutation)

10.6084/m9.figshare.10032203

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Assessment of endocrine disruption and oxidative potential of bisphenol-A, triclosan, nonylphenol, diethylhexyl phthalate, galaxolide, and carbamazepine, common contaminants of municipal biosolids

Toxicology in Vitro (2018)

Jo Cavanagh Katherine Trought Caroline M. Mitchell Grant L. Northcott Louis A. Tremblay

Biosolids

Nonylphenol

Endocrine disruptor

10.1016/j.tiv.2018.02.003

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Citations (52)

The Sustainability Assessment Model (SAM): Measuring Sustainable Development Performance

Australasian Journal of Environmental Management (2006)

Jo Cavanagh Bob Frame James Lennox

Increasingly, legislative requirements are being placed on councils and businesses to incorporate sustainability into their activities. However, it is inherently difficult to assess the sustainability of activities and there are few tools to do this. It is therefore difficult to understand if an individual project contributes to broad sustainability objectives or if it incorporates understanding of sustainability into organisations' activities. The Sustainability Assessment Model (SAM) is a tool for engaging people within organisations in sustainable development thinking and to evaluate the sustainability of projects (Baxter et al. 2002; Bebbington and Frame 2003). This article provides an overview of the SAM and presents a preliminary assessment of how it was used to assess organic waste processing options for a local council in New Zealand.

10.1080/14486563.2006.9725127

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Citations (19)

Forage crops and cadmium: How changing farming systems might impact cadmium accumulation in animals

The Science of The Total Environment (2022)

Christopher W. N. Anderson Stefan L. Smith Paramsothy Jeyakumar Hadee Thompson‐Morrison Jo Cavanagh

Production advantages, environmental benefits and increasing parasite resistance are changing the composition of New Zealand pastures. Traditional ryegrass/clover pasture mixes are being replaced by forage herb crops such as lucerne, chicory and plantain that accumulate a higher concentration of contaminants such as cadmium (Cd). To explore the relationship between Cd in forage crops and the Cd concentration accumulated by animals, four-month-old lambs at four farms across the central North Island of New Zealand were grazed on different forage crops (ryegrass, chicory, lucerne and plantain) between weaning and slaughter. Soil and pasture samples, and sequential liver biopsies, were collected and analysed for total Cd. There were significant differences in Cd concentration between the forage crops (chicory > plantain > lucerne > ryegrass) and this ordering was repeated for Cd in liver. There was no exceedance of maximum limits (ML) for Cd in offal set by the EU and NZ/Australia food safety standards authorities for animals of this study, although the highest concentration of Cd in chicory (0.85 mg/kg DW) was considerably lower than has been recorded elsewhere in New Zealand (4.5 mg/kg DW). Provisional Soil Management Values (SMVs) were developed to explore compliance of liver with EU food standards as a function of grazing chicory. For a soil pH of 5, exceedance might occur at a soil cadmium concentration of 0.34 mg/kg. This concentration falls within Tier 0 of the New Zealand Tiered Fertiliser Management System which seeks to ensure soil Cd remains within acceptable limits over the next 100 years and beyond. Increased Cd uptake by fodder crops and its management in these Tier 0 pastoral soils is therefore an emerging issue for pastoral agriculture. The risk of ML exceedance for animals grazing forage crops such as chicory on low Cd soils should be further considered to ensure uninterrupted access to export markets.

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154256

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Citations (10)

Symbiosis between Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strain TA1 and a white clover cultivar benefits clover tolerance to cadmium toxicity

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research (2019)

Sandra Young Chikako van Koten C. W. Gray Jo Cavanagh Steven A. Wakelin

New Zealand pastoral productivity relies heavily on biological nitrogen (N) fixation from rhizobia bacteria. Cadmium (Cd), present in pasture soils as an impurity in phosphate fertilisers, may have toxic effects on both plant growth and rhizobia activity. Effects of Cd on growth of seedlings of a white clover cultivar 'Grasslands Tribute', in the absence and presence of the N2-fixing Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strain TA1, were assessed in vermiculite microcosm assays. The lowest observable effect concentrations resulting in significantly lower white clover shoot weights than those grown without Cd were 0.07 mg Cd kg−1 (measured as Ca(NO3)2-extractable Cd, Cdextractable) in the absence of Rhizobium, and 2.33 mg Cdextractable kg−1 for Rhizobium-inoculated seedlings. Shoot N content was unaffected in white clover exposed to <5 mg Cdextractable kg−1. The results indicate symbiosis with Rhizobium strain TA1 conferred tolerance to white clover 'Grasslands Tribute' against Cd toxicity, and that this symbiosis is unlikely to be adversely affected by Cd concentrations reported (<0.003 mg Cdextractable kg−1) in New Zealand pasture soils.

Rhizobium leguminosarum

Trifolium repens

10.1080/00288233.2019.1680394

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Citations (9)

Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Lipid Peroxidation in Aporrectodea caliginosa Earthworms Exposed to Silver Nanoparticles and Silver Nitrate in Spiked Soil

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (2020)

Nadir Saleeb Brett Robinson Jo Cavanagh James G. Ross Kiran Munir

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from industrial use, discharged via the land application of sewage sludge, are interacting with soil biota, including earthworms. In affected organisms, excessive production of reactive oxygen species can result in lipid peroxidation, shifting the balance between oxidants and antioxidants to cause oxidative stress. We determined selected lower-tier biomarkers such as antioxidant responses and lipid peroxidation in Aporrectodea caliginosa earthworms exposed to soils spiked with AgNPs or silver nitrate (AgNO3 ). Aporrectodea caliginosa were exposed to AgNPs at 0 (control), 0.3, 3, 30, and 300 mg/kg or Ag+ (as AgNO3 ) at 0, 0.03, 0.3, 3, and 10 mg/kg in soil for 4 wk. At 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, as well as lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde content), increased as a function of concentration, with a much larger response for Ag+ than AgNPs. Given the likelihood of ever-increasing AgNP concentrations in soil, where AgNPs can transform to ionic Ag (Ag+ ), our findings of antioxidant response to oxidative stress in a common indicator organism even at an environmentally realistic exposure concentration of 0.03 mg/kg demonstrate that AgNPs may affect soil fertility and, thus, agricultural production. Evaluating selected lower-tier biomarkers offers a meaningful assessment of AgNPs and Ag+ effects on terrestrial earthworms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1257-1266. © 2020 SETAC.

Silver nanoparticle

Malondialdehyde

10.1002/etc.4713

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Citations (22)

Correction to: Can the application of farm dairy effluent enhance cadmium leachingfrom soil?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2021)

C. W. Gray Gina M. Lucci Jo Cavanagh

10.1007/s11356-021-16144-y

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