Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Susan Houde-Walter, "Gradient-Index optical imaging systems," Optics News 14(6), 25-26 (1988) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Index profile control is essential in the manufacture of GRIN lens blanks. Yet the evolution of the index profile during ion exchange with finite salt melts in some important glass/salt pairs is not well understood at this time. In this paper, we present a technique for monitoring the development of the index profile as it is formed, including the effects arising from concentration dependence, structural changes and time-dependent boundary conditions. The resulting data will contribute to a more precise formulation of the actual conditions that gradient index materials are made in, and lead to better control and repeatability of gradient lens blanks manufactured by ion exchange in glass.
An adaptive simulated annealing optimization algorithm is used to
derive laser rate equation and waveguiding models with which the best
design for a diode-pumped fiber-coupled, Yb:Er glass waveguide laser
can be determined. Material parameters that correspond to
commercially available laser-glass and diode-pump sources are used in
this study. Given a continuous-wave 300-mW pump at 977 nm,
approximately 48 mW of power at 1540 nm can be coupled into the
LP01 mode of an optical fiber. Fabrication and
alignment tolerance analyses are presented.
Truly monolithic integration of optoelectronics requires compromises between the individual component and system performances. Design of integrated systems can benefit from the full power of an optimization algorithm, especially in the presence of competing design requirements. Evaluation of the merit function during optimization requires repeated calculation of waveguide modes. Combing the complex plane for solutions to the dispersion relation is too computation-intensive to be practical, particularly for multi-moded and lossy structures, and there is no guarantee that all solutions will be found. Instead, we have demonstrated a numerical technique, based on Cauchy’s integral equation that allows unambiguous identification of all modes in structures with arbitrarily high losses using very short computation times. 1 Further, by plotting the solutions in the complex plane as a function of the square of the complex propagation constant, we observe that the solutions tend to be highly patterned in such a way as to lend insight into the behavior of a wide variety of waveguides.
The ways in which eigenmode expansions describe nonbound fields are compared and used to understand leaky guiding in nontransparent waveguides. Accurate modeling of leaky behavior is seen to be quite different in the cases of absorption and gain.
We report on a study of disordering by the in-diffusion of a variety of group IV and VI n-type impurities. In all cases, the n-type dopants enhance the Al-Ga interdiffusion coefficient over that due to the As overpressure alone. The Si-induced enhancement has been previously attributed to the change in the Fermi-level position with doping and therefore, should account for disordering using other n-type impurities. However, we observe important differences in the interdiffusion characteristics induced by Si or Ge, and that by S or Se. The disordering is attributed to the enhancement in the group III-vacancy concentration for each of these n-type impurities, as is also the case in undoped crystals disordered by an As ambient alone at 855 °C.