Raj Kumar

University of Nebraska Medical Center

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Prem Felix Siril

Indian Institute of Technology Mandi

Md Nurunnabi

The University of Texas at El Paso

Sunil Dutt

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

Keshaw Ram Aadil

National Institute of Technology Raipur

Deepak Kumar

Lovely Professional University

Ajeet Kaushik

Florida Polytechnic University

Vijay Bhooshan Kumar

Tel Aviv University

Aharon Gedanken

Bar-Ilan University

Orit Shefi

Bar-Ilan University

Narsimha Mamidi

University of Wisconsin–Madison

Cooperative Institutions

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

Indian Agricultural Research Institute

Lovely Professional University

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University

University of Nebraska Medical Center

Punjab Agricultural University

Indian Institute of Technology Mandi

The University of Texas at El Paso

Chandigarh University

Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology

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Mucoadhesive Carrier-Mediated Oral Co-delivery of Bcl2 Inhibitors Improves Gastric Cancer Treatment

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2023)

Raj Kumar Humayra Afrin Himanshu Bhatt Elfa Beaven Anushareddy Gangavarap

Gastric cancer treatment is challenging due to the lack of early-stage diagnostic technology and targeted delivery systems. Currently, the available treatments for gastric cancer are surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation. These strategies are either invasive or require systemic delivery, exerting toxicities within healthy tissues. By creation of a targeted delivery system to the stomach, gastric cancer can be treated in the early stages. Such an approach reduces the negative effects on the rest of the body by minimizing systemic absorbance and random localization. With this in mind, we developed a mucoadhesive vehicle composed of β-Glucan And Docosahexaenoic Acid (GADA) for controlled drug/gene delivery. In the current study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of codelivery Bcl2 inhibitors navitoclax (NAVI) and siRNA (Bcl2) via oral using GADA. The therapeutic efficacy of the GADA-mediated oral NAVI/siRNA was investigated in a gastric cancer mouse model. Higher Bcl2 inhibition efficacy was observed in Western blotting and TUNEL assay in mice treated with GADA/NAVI/siRNA compared to free NAVI, siRNA, and NAVI/siRNA. Histology (H&E) and immunohistochemistry (Ki67, TUNEL, and BCl2) analyses confirmed a significant reduction of the tumor region. Interaction between GADA and mucus resulted in retention for over 6 h and thereby sustained local payload release. The developed oral carrier GADA is an emerging vehicle that has promising potential in oral delivery of both small and large molecules, and their mucoadhesive property results in improved therapeutic efficacy with minimal side effects compared to conventional treatment. This study opens a new window for the effective delivery of oral medicine for the treatment of gastric cancer and other gastrointestinal diseases.

10.1021/acsami.3c15226

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Significance of yield sustainability to develop climate smart wheat (Triticum aestivum) in India

The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences (2023)

DEVINDER MOHAN Hanif Khan VISHNU KUMAR Raj Kumar Ajay Verma

To ensure food security in India, not only the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity but yield sustainability is also crucial especially when the production environments are quite diverse. An experiment was conducted to examined multi-environment wheat yield trial data of popular wheat cultivars in two agro-climatically diverse regions i.e. north- western plains zone (NWPZ) and central zone (CZ) under timely-sown (TS) and late-sown (LS) conditions with an aim to differentiate yield and yield sustainability at the level of 4 production environment, 11 prominent locations and 7 crop years. Wheat productivity matched in both zones; yet the level of yield-sustainability was much less in warmer climate of CZ. Yield sustainability was poorest in late-sown wheat of CZ and the drop in sustainability index (SI) was realized in locations, years and genotypes. For grain yield; locations and location-year interaction mattered most in each production environments but the years were crucial only in NWPZ-TS. Results showed that yield sustainability of test sites can not be adjudged by its productivity alone. Location status was associated with the yield sustainability only in NWPZ. Substantial drop in sustainability could be noticed in some crop seasons of CZ but deviations in NWPZ were smaller. In test sites, the causative factors associated with yield-sustainability varied under different production environments. Genotype-year interaction was effective in each situation except CZ-LS where only the crop year variations were supreme. Variations in locations and genotypes mattered most in NWPZ-TS whereas the crop year deviations were impactful in NWPZ-LS and CZ-TS environments. Based on the results; prospect of improvisation and breeding strategy have been suggested to select suitable production sites and the genotypes.

10.56093/ijas.v93i9.137708

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Actual Productivity and Potential Productivity of Some Benchmark Soils of India

Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science (1985)

Raj Kumar R.K. Saxena

Fiftynine benchmark soils have been evaluated for actual and potential productivity. Both the types of productivity of loamy skeletal Lithic Ustorthents and Lithic Udorthents are poor. Productivity of Typic Ustipsamments too is poor at present, but has the potentiality to become an average one. Typic Torripsamments and Typic Torriflurents come under extremely poor class, Ustochrepts with Typic or Udic subgroups have similar productivity. Soils of Eutrochrepts, Ustropepts and Ustochrepts great groups, with Vertic subgroup have poor to average values. Natru-stalfs though extremely poor at present, the productivity can be improved by 8 to 10 times by following reclamation measures. Usterts, irrespective of their great group i.e., Chromusterts or Pellusterts and subgroup i.e., Typic, Udic, Entic, or Udorthentic have similar actual and potential productivity. Camborthids, Calciorthids and Paleargids have poor productivity. Salorthids and Natrargids having additional problems due to high amounts of shrinking and swelling type of clays are associated with poor to nil actual and potential productivity.

Udic moisture regime

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Study on soil moisture pattern and soil properties in livelihood security through pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) Based intercropping under rainfed condition

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry (2018)

Devendra Kumar U.D. Awasthi PN Yadav SK Uttam RP Singh

A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive years of kharif 2015-16 and 2016-17 at Soil Conservation and Water Management Farm of the C. S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur to find out the effect of cropping systems, and moisture conservation practices on moisture use efficiency, splash loss and soil studies of crops under rainfed condition. The soil of experimental field was sandy loam in texture with pH 7.6, 0.38% organic carbon, 0.027% total N, 172.1 kg ha-1 available N, 18.2 kg ha-1 available P2O5 and 182.2 kg ha-1 available K2O. The field capacity, wilting point and bulk density were 18.6%, 6.2% and 1.35 Mg m-3, respectively. The treatments comprised of 6 cropping systems i.e. (i) Sole pigeonpea at 60cm by regular sowing (ii) Sole pigeonpea paired 40/80 (iii) Sole sorghum at 45 cm by regular sowing (iv) Sole urdbean at 45 cm by regular sowing (v) Pigeonpea + sorghum - paired sowing. 40/80 and (vi) Pigeonpea + urdbean - paired sowing40/80 ; 3 moisture conservation practices i.e. (i) Control (ii) Ridging and furrowing in between the crop rows after three weeks of sowing and (iii) Weeding and hoeing once at 35 DAS the crop rows were tested in Split plot design with 3 replications during the course of investigation envisages. Results obtained that the moisture studies and soil studies of individual crop depressed in additive intercropping where depression was more in sorghum than blackgram. Moreover, total moisture use, consumptive water use and moisture use efficiency were also found to be the highest, while the lowest derived from the sole sorghum. Simultaneously, maximum splash loss was observed under sole pigeonpea paired sowing and minimum under sole blackgram treatment. In addition, total moisture use, moisture use efficiency was also noticed higher, but splash loss was lower. The higher splash loss was observed under conventional practice over ridging and furrowing practice during both the years of experimentation.

Intercropping

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Genetic Analysis for Growth and Yield Parameters in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences (2019)

K. Gangadhara Lokesh Yadav Raj Kumar V. V. Apparao Raman Selvakumar

The genetic analysis was carried in a 6x6 half diallel breeding programme of common bean for thirteen yield and yield attributing parameters. Both additive and non-additive genetic components were responsible in the genetic system controlling yield and its component characters. The additive (D) genetic variance was significant for Days to first flowering, Days to fifty per cent flowering, Days to maturity and pod length. Dominant components (H1 and H2) were showed significantly difference for plant height at 30 DAS and 60 DAS, number of branches at 30 and 60 DAS, days to first flowering, days to fifty per cent flowering, days to maturity, pod length, pod weight, number of seeds per plant and hundred seed weight. The high narrow sense heritability was recorded for pod length (0.683) followed by pod weight (0.381) and days to first flowering (0.353). It is evidenced that both additive and non-additive gene effects are involved in the genetic control of the traits. So both gene effects should be considered when developing superior lines.

Additive genetic effects

Genetic Analysis

Genetic Variability

10.20546/ijcmas.2019.806.186

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Screening of tomato genotypes for vegetative and reproductive characters under low temperature regime

Indian Journal of Horticulture (2015)

Azeze Seyie Raj Kumar Tusar Kanti Behera RK Yadav

Twenty five tomato genotypes were screened for low temperature tolerance under open field conditions during 2012–13 and further selected tolerant and susceptible genotypes were screened under control conditions (phytotron) for confirmation. When grown under field conditions during winter, the membrane stability index was highest (83.27%) in Pusa Sadabahar followed by Pusa Sheetal (81.17%), whereas, it was least in line H-88 (29.67%). The highest number of flowers per truss was observed in the wild species Solanum pimpinellifolium and S. peruvianum and these lines also had viable pollens, but the number of fruits per truss was negligible in the S. peruvianum lines. The cultivar Pusa Sadabahar recorded the highest number of fruits per truss followed by 120-1. Solanum pimpinellifolium and S. peruvianum lines, S-699 and DTR-2 showed considerably high shoot dry weight. The physiological parameters like membrane stability index, relative water content, tolerance index and shoot dry weight were reduced in all the genotypes under phytotron in response to low temperature (15/8 and 16/10°C) as compared to plants grown under optimum conditions (26/22°C). Pusa Sadabahar, Pusa Sheetal and DTR-2 showed tolerance to low temperature (15/8 and 16/10°C) with respect to the vegetative characters studied.

10.5958/0974-0112.2015.00070.5

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Engineering the Morphology and Particle Size of High Energetic Compounds Using Drop-by-Drop and Drop-to-Drop Solvent–Antisolvent Interaction Methods

ACS Omega (2019)

Raj Kumar Pramod Kumar Soni Prem Felix Siril

Morphology-controlled precipitation of three powerful organic high energetic compounds (HECs) viz. cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), and 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNT) was achieved by two different processes, namely, drop-by-drop (DBD) and drop-to-drop (DTD) solvent-antisolvent interaction methods. Effect of different experimental parameters on the mean size and morphology of the prepared submicron-sized particles of HECs was investigated thoroughly. The DBD method favors the formation of nanosized particles of RDX and TNT at lower concentrations (5 mM). However, a significant increase in the mean particle size occurred at higher concentrations (25 and 50 mM). Formation of facetted crystals of RDX, HMX, and nanorods of TNT was observed at higher concentrations because of the interaction of crystal facets with the antisolvent. Relatively, smaller sized, spherical particles of RDX and HMX could be prepared through the DTD method even at higher concentrations (25 mM). The DTD method is a continuous process and hence is a facile method for industrial applications. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies revealed that RDX, HMX and TNT were precipitated in their most stable polymorphic forms α, β, and monoclinic, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the thermal response of the nano-HECs was similar to the respective raw-HECs. A slight decrease in crystallinity and the melting point was observed because of the decrease in the mean particle size.

Monoclinic crystal system

Energetic material

10.1021/acsomega.8b03214

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The Future of COVID-19 Treatment

BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks (2021)

Sahil Arora Manvendra Kumar Gaurav Joshi Raj Kumar

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or coronavirus disease or COVID-19 is a disease that has led to colossal mortality worldwide. The fast spread of this disease has caused havoc and panic among individuals, which has further worsened with the unavailability of vaccines or some proven drug regime. To date, only 12 new antiviral drugs have been approved by the FDA (8 against hepatitis C virus (2 in combinations for HIV). Thus, it becomes of utmost importance to identify drugs for new and re-emerging viruses, including the coronavirus. Considering the quest, we have put forth this book chapter to update readers about current repurposed and experimental drugs for this novel coronavirus. The viral lifecycle assisted in providing vital potential targets for drug therapy. The present chapter also deals with the existing mechanism of action of the drugs, their category, and clinical data reported.

10.2174/9781681088051121010009

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Preparation and characterization of nickel–polystyrene nanocomposite by ultrasound irradiation

Journal of Applied Polymer Science (2002)

Raj Kumar Yu. Koltypin O. Palchik Aharon Gedanken

Abstract Well‐dispersed nickel nanoparticles in polystyrene were obtained by a sonochemical method. The properties of the as‐prepared nanocomposite materials were characterized by XRD, TEM, EDAX, TGA, DSC, and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The nickel particles were 5 nm in diameter and were very well dispersed in the polystyrene. The magnetization measurements established that the as‐prepared nanocomposite materials are superparamagnetic due to their small size. The saturation magnetization (30.1 emu/g) and coercivity (5 Oe) of the materials were significantly smaller than were those of the bulk nickel, reflecting the nanoparticle nature. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 160–165, 2002

Polystyrene

Superparamagnetism

10.1002/app.10930

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High catalytic activities of palladium nanowires synthesized using liquid crystal templating approach

Journal of Molecular Catalysis A Chemical (2016)

Mohit Chawla Raj Kumar Prem Felix Siril

Nanomaterials

Hexagonal phase

Lyotropic

Lyotropic liquid crystal

Nanomaterial-based catalyst

10.1016/j.molcata.2016.06.014

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Citations (44)