William R. Wood

Griffith University

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Masahiro Suzuki

Central Queensland University

Jeffrey S. Pilgrim

Vista Photonics (United States)

Andrei B. Vakhtin

SA Photonics (United States)

Phyllis Adams

US Forest Service

Eric Rignot

University of California, Irvine

C. Payne

Institute of Forestry

Leslie A. Viereck

US Forest Service

C. Williams

University of Alaska Fairbanks

Miguel E. Casias

Vista Photonics (United States)

Cinda Chullen

Stevens Institute of Technology

Cooperative Institutions

UNSW Sydney

University of Sydney

Alcohol and Drug Foundation

University of Newcastle Australia

New South Wales Department of Health

South Eastern Sydney Local Health District

National Centre for Clinical Research on Emerging Drugs

Hunter Medical Research Institute

Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

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Punitive Populism

The Encyclopedia of Theoretical Criminology (2014)

William R. Wood

Punitive populism refers to the idea that public support for more severe criminal justice policies (most specifically incarceration) has become a primary driver of policy making, as well as of political election cycles, with the result of increasingly harsh punishments regardless of their ability to reduce crime or redress its known correlates. This entry explores the concept of punitive populism, discusses its history in the United States and other countries, and analyzes some of its effects on criminal justice policies and social responses to crime.

Punitive damages

Populism

Redress

10.1002/9781118517390.wbetc140

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Citations (22)

Optical Breath Gas Sensor for Extravehicular Activity Application

William R. Wood Miguel E. Casias Andrei B. Vakhtin Jeffrey S. Pilgrim Cinda Chullen

The function of the infrared gas transducer used during extravehicular activity (EVA) in the current space suit is to measure and report the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the ventilation loop. The next generation Portable Life Support System (PLSS) requires next generation CO2 sensing technology with performance beyond that presently in use on the Shuttle/International Space Station extravehicular mobility unit (EMU). Accommodation within space suits demands that optical sensors meet stringent size, weight, and power requirements. A laser diode (LD) spectrometer based on wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) is being developed for this purpose by Vista Photonics, Inc. Two prototype devices were delivered to NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) in September 2011. The sensors incorporate a laser diode based CO2 channel that also includes an incidental water vapor (humidity) measurement and a separate oxygen (O2) channel using a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL). Both prototypes are controlled digitally with a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)/microcontroller architecture. Based on the results of the initial instrument development, further prototype development and testing of instruments leveraging the lessons learned were desired. The present development extends and upgrades the earlier hardware to the Advanced PLSS 2.0 test article being constructed and tested at JSC. Various improvements to the electronics and gas sampling are being advanced by this project. The combination of low power electronics with the performance of a long wavelength laser spectrometer enables multi-gas sensors with significantly increased performance over that presently offered in the EMU. .

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What Are the Current Trends in Junior College Education?

The bulletin of the National Association of Secondary School Principals (1949)

William R. Wood

10.1177/019263654903316317

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Justice Reinvestment in Australia

Victims & Offenders (2014)

William R. Wood

Abstract Over the past three decades, Australia has seen more than a 100% increase in its rate of incarceration. A sizable part of this has come from the rise in incarcerated indigenous people. Australia also experiences problems related to high rates of recidivism, the increasing use of custodial sentences for parole violations, and the use of incarceration for minor offenses such as traffic violations. In response to these problems, a growing number of policy makers, public and private organizations, and academics have pushed for the development and implementation of justice reinvestment (JR) initiatives in Australia. This article provides an overview of JR. It highlights some of the more pertinent problems facing the justice system, offenders, victims of crime, and local communities in regards to the use of punishment and incarceration in Australia. It then considers the degree to which JR may or may not be able to deliver on some or all of its promises, in particular problems that it faces in terms of implementation, use, and long-term viability in Australia.

Recidivism

Punishment (psychology)

Minor (academic)

10.1080/15564886.2013.860935

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Restorative Justice Conferencing as a ‘Holistic’ Process: Convenor Perspectives

Current Issues in Criminal Justice (2017)

Masahiro Suzuki William R. Wood

Restorative justice conferencing ('RJC') has demonstrated strengths over traditional criminal justice approaches, including victim satisfaction and redress, and offender perceptions of legitimacy and fairness. However, less is known about how and why. This research examines conference convenor perspectives concerning how and why RJC 'works' in terms of such outcomes. The convenor perspective is a poorly investigated area in RJC research, despite the pivotal role that convenors play as 'key' participants in RJC practice. Based on semi-structured interviews with convenors involved in the Youth Justice Group Conferencing program in Victoria, findings highlight that not only face-to-face dialogue, but also preparation and follow-up, play distinct and important roles in the outcomes of RJC. As preparation and follow-up phases are often dismissed or compromised in practice, this article suggests that RJC should be clearly articulated and implemented as a 'holistic' process that requires equal attention to all three phases.

Redress

Restorative Justice

10.1080/10345329.2017.12036075

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Co-option, Coercion and Compromise: Challenges of Restorative Justice in Victoria, Australia

Masahiro Suzuki William R. Wood

Restorative justice (RJ) encompasses a widely diverging set of practices whereby those most affected by crime are encouraged to meet, to discuss the effects of harms caused by one party to another, and to agree upon the best possible redress of harms when appropriate. In its inception in the late 1970s, RJ was conceptualized and developed as an alternative to formal criminal justice practices. Since this time, however, RJ has largely moved from being an alternative to criminal justice practices to an ‘alternative’ practice within criminal justice systems. This institutionalization has resulted in the significant growth of RJ practices, but has also resulted in RJ being used for criminal justice system goals that are at odds with the needs of victims or offenders. This paper examines the use of the Youth Justice Group Conferencing Program in Victoria, Australia. Drawing from interviews with conference conveners, our research highlights problems related to administrative ‘constraints’ and ‘co-options’ in conferencing in terms of referrals, preparation of conference participants, and victim participation. Following presentation of findings, we concludewith a discussion of implications for the use of RJ within a highly institutionalized setting.

Restorative Justice

Redress

Compromise

Coercion (linguistics)

10.31235/osf.io/qsm6d

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Restorative Justice Conferencing as a ‘Holistic’ Process: Convenor Perspectives

Masahiro Suzuki William R. Wood

Restorative justice conferencing (RJC) has demonstrated strengths over traditional criminal justice approaches, including victim satisfaction and redress, and offender perceptions of legitimacy and fairness. However, less is known about how and why. This research examines conference convenor perspectives concerning how and why RJC ‘works’ in terms of such outcomes. The convenor perspective is a poorly investigated area in RJC research, despite the pivotal role that convenors play as ‘key’ participants in RJC practice. Based on semi-structured interviews with convenors involved in the Youth Justice Group Conferencing program in Victoria, findings highlight that not only face-to-face dialogue, but also preparation and follow-up play distinct and important roles in the outcomes of RJC. As preparation and follow-up phases are often dismissed or compromised in practice, this article suggests that RJC should be clearly articulated and implemented as a ‘holistic’ process that requires equal attention to all three phases.

Redress

Restorative Justice

10.31235/osf.io/s6uyt

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Citations (1)

Local Government in a Democracy

Nature (1949)

Gallery By F. I. G. RAWLINS Alice Werner M.W. Hall Christian Moro

10.1038/164591a0

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ON A CASE OF INSANITY CAUSED BY TAPE-WORM, AND CURED BY KOUSSO.