Shunzo Kobayashi

Kyoto University

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Hirotaka Iwase

Kumamoto City Hospital

Tatsuya Toyama

Nagoya City University

Hiroko Yamashita

University of Tsukuba

Akira Masaoka

Osaka International Cancer Institute

Hiroji Iwata

Aichi Cancer Center

Hiroshi Sugiura

Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital

Yoshitaka Fujii

Aichi University

Yasuo Hara

Tokushima University Hospital

Yukio Ando

Nagoya University Hospital

Zhenhuan Zhang

University of Florida

Cooperative Institutions

Nagoya City University

Mizuho (Japan)

The University of Tokyo

Osaka University

Kyoto University

Universidade de São Paulo

Aichi Cancer Center

Higashi Osaka City General Hospital

Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo

Tohoku University

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Reproductive history and breast cancer risk

Breast Cancer (2012)

Shunzo Kobayashi Hiroshi Sugiura Yukio Ando Norio Shiraki Takeshi Yanagi

The fact that reproductive factors have significant influence on the risk of breast cancer is well known. Early age of first full-term birth is highly protective against late-onset breast cancers, but each pregnancy, including the first one, increases the risk of early-onset breast cancer. Estradiol and progesterone induce receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand (RANKL) in estrogen receptor (ER)- and progesterone receptor (PgR)-positive luminal cells. RANKL then acts in a paracrine fashion on the membranous RANK of ER/PgR-negative epithelial stem cells of the breast. This reaction cascade is triggered by chorionic gonadotropin during the first trimester of pregnancy and results in the morphological and functional development of breast tissue. On the other hand, the administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the early steps of weaning protects against tumor growth through reduction of the acute inflammatory reaction of post lactation remodeling of breast tissue. This is experimental evidence that may explain the short-term tumor-promoting effect of pregnancy. The protective effect of prolonged breast feeding may also be explained, at least in a part, by a reduced inflammatory reaction due to gradual weaning. Delay of first birth together with low parity and short duration of breast feeding are increasing social trends in developed countries. Therefore, breast cancer risk as a result of reproductive factors will not decrease in these countries in the foreseeable future. In this review, the significance of reproductive history with regard to the risk of breast cancers will be discussed, focusing on the age of first full-term birth and post lactation involution of the breast.

Progesterone receptor

10.1007/s12282-012-0384-8

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Citations (109)

Clinical significance of bcl-2 gene expression in human breast cancer tissues

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment (1997)

Shunzo Kobayashi Hirotaka Iwase Yukashi Ito Hiroko Yamashita Hiroji Iwata

Comedo

10.1023/a:1005760013810

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Citations (53)

Suppression of ING1 expression in sporadic breast cancer

Oncogene (1999)

Tatsuya Toyama Hirotaka Iwase Peter H. Watson Huong Muzik Elizabeth Saettler

10.1038/sj.onc.1202905

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Citations (135)

Loss of heterozygosity and microsatellite instability in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast

Cancer Letters (2000)

Yukio Ando Hirotaka Iwase Shu Ichihara S Toyoshima Takaaki Nakamura

Comedo

Microsatellite Instability

10.1016/s0304-3835(00)00467-5

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Citations (31)

Expression of Estrogen Receptor β Wild-type and its Variant ERβcx/β2 is Correlated with Better Prognosis in Breast Cancer

Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Hiroshi Sugiura Tatsuya Toyama Yasuo Hara Zhenhuan Zhang Shunzo Kobayashi

BackgroundThe clinical value of estrogen receptor (ER) β and its variants has been investigated. However, reported results have frequently been discordant.

10.1093/jjco/hym114

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Citations (79)

Clinical classification and recording

Breast Cancer (2005)

Goi Sakamoto Hideo Inaji Futoshi Akiyama Shunsuke Haga Masahiro Hiraoka

Surgical oncology

10.1007/bf02967379

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Citations (73)

Evaluation of oestrogen receptor β wild-type and variant protein expression, and relationship with clinicopathological factors in breast cancers

European Journal of Cancer (2002)

Y Omoto Shunzo Kobayashi Satoshi Inoue Sumito Ogawa Tatsuya Toyama

Progesterone receptor

10.1016/s0959-8049(01)00383-5

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Citations (112)

[Molecular analysis of the estrogen receptor (ER) gene in association with ER negativity in breast cancer].

PubMed (1996)

Hirotaka Iwase Shunzo Kobayashi Hiroaki Iwata Toshinari Yamashita Kazuto Ito

DNA from ninety-eight primary breast cancer biopsies has been examined for loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Thirteen of seventy-two informative cases (18.1%) were positive for LOH, which correlated with age at operation but not with ER status. This result suggests that LOH of the ER gene does not have an important role in the lack of ER function in breast cancer tissues. Thirteen breast cancers with ER negative/progesterone receptor (PgR) positive were screened for mutation analysis of the ER gene using single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP). We found 2 polymorphisms in codon 10 (C to G) codon 325 (C to T), although neither germline nor somatic mutation was detected. Since the sequence variant of codon 325 tends to be more frequently seen in ER negative/PgR negative breast cancer patients than non-cancer control patients, it is suggested that this polymorphism was related to negativity and function of ER in breast cancer tissues.

Single-strand conformation polymorphism

Progesterone receptor

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Change and perspective in endocrine therapy

Nippon Rinsho (2012)

Hiroko Yamashita Tatsuya Toyama Hirotaka Iwase Shunzo Kobayashi

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The Usefulness and Significance of Naso-pharyngo-laryngo-tracheal Fiberscopy in Thyroid Surgery

Endoscopy (1987)

Akira Sugenoya Shunzo Kobayashi Yoshio Kasuga Tamotsu Yokozawa G. Kaneko

The authors conducted naso-pharyngo-laryngo-tracheal fiberscopic examinations before and after thyroid surgery. Preoperative examination included an inspection of vocal cord movement, the compression and deformity of the trachea caused by goiters, changes in the color of the tunica mucosa tracheae, and the presence of tumorous invasion. Postoperatively, this method was employed primarily to determine the presence of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, changes in the tracheal mucosa caused by manipulations in thyroid surgery and in cases in which surgery involved the tracheal wall, and to inspect the treated condition at the original tracheal site and detect the presence of possible recurrences. The manipulations can be easily carried out, causing little pain, and the procedure is economically feasible. Since it can provide more useful information than any other examination method, the active use of endoscopic examination by surgeons themselves at numerous facilities would appear desirable.

Vocal Cord Paralysis

10.1055/s-2007-1018233

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