In this work we deal with the Achilles' heel of wireless sensor networks - energy efficient operation. By a combined MAC/physical layer attack on the issues contributing to energy overhead, we demonstrate the possibility of reducing the overall power consumption in a relatively straight-forward way without severe alteration of common communication protocols. Results of simulations of networks using the proposed scheme are shown, partially validating the crucial ideas behind it.
In today's corporate world, many small businesses, as well as big commercial companies, manage small or large number of vehicles on which their business depends on. One of the main factors in leading an efficient business proved to be commanding a fleet of vehicles in the best and most efficient way. This basically means providing the route, which takes the shortest trip time from point A to point B with the lowest gas consumption. The biggest expenditure for these kinds of companies is the cost of gas, due to its large consumption and abuse. To lower expenses connected with time of travel and gas usage, GPS tracking is the best way to go. By using OpenGTS system, companies are immediately provided with the tool which is enabling them to have an overview of the whole state of their fleet of vehicles, their position, driving speed, their previous speeds and stops, routes they are driving and many more. Also, it automatically provides a security system that will keep the fleet safe. This paper will provide an overview of the open source OpenGPS Tracking System, all of its requirements and possibilities, and present them on a simulation of real-time urban transportation monitoring.
Energy efficiency in these days is as it should be, a part of every scientific research, especially in electronic communications in which it holds a notably significant role. When it comes to electronic communications, what matters is that the network is efficient not only for environmental reasons but for economical, as well. In telecommunication network, control of all the network aspects is crucial, because an inadequate control could easily end up with energy's over-usage. This paper presents a simulation of basic energy network components, which is a part of the project "Information and Communication Technology for Generic and Energy-efficient Communication Solutions with Application in e-/m-Health" (ICTGEN). The growing importance of ICT in everyday life such as the one of communication devices surrounding us, has lead us to bigger impact in using ICT equipment globally.
In the entire world the wireless communication systems are represented by 2G and 3G systems with all stages of evolution towards 4G systems.The complexity of wireless networks requires a careful design, especially related to bandwidth and energy efficiency.Bandwidth efficiency is very important parameter, because it relates to frequency spectrum, which is a natural limited resource.The cognitive radio has been proposed as the future technology to meet the ever increasing demand of the radio spectrum by allocating the spectrum dynamically to allow unlicensed access on noninterfering basis.The digital dividend of 700MHz band (mainly used by TV broadcast services) opens the door for cognitive radio applications due to its excellent propagation characteristics compared to GSM 1800 MHz, 2.1 GHz or 2.5 GHz bands.In cognitive radio, spectrum sensing is the fundamental problem.In this paper we are analyzing the performance of spectrum sensing algorithms; energy detection and covariance absolute value utilizing TV white space for IEEE 802.11 af standard.
The finite element method was applied in order to calculate current densities in the human torso induced by switched gradients of the magnetic field during MRI. The region of the heart muscle was in the focus of interest, because it is well-known that low-frequency currents could cause a stimulation process in human excitable tissues. Possible stimulation of the heart muscle or inducing the even more dangerous state of ventricular fibrillation can be fatal for the human being. Therefore the values of induced current densities were calculated in the heart muscle. An attempt was made to consider the influence of the current waveform. Finally, the obtained values were compared to the existing recommendations in the field.