The paper describes the basic methodological principles and the results of development and practical application of simultaneous complex parametric analysis of the in-cylinder processes and thermal load on cylinder piston unit in diesel engines. The application of the suggested method to research and conceptualize engine design allows us to choose an optimal combination of the cylinder-piston unit parameters and diesel engine control. As a result, an admissible level of thermal stress in the most heavily loaded parts of cylinder-piston unit and low fuel consumption of diesel engines are achieved. A limited number of factors determining perfect in-cylinder processes make this method easy to visualise as well as providing it with a clear physical meaning of graphically presented results, not restricting the analysis to the design parameters of engine units. The method was practically used for upgrading high-speed diesel engines of the trademarks CHN 16.5/18.5, CHN 15/18, and CHN 15/15, to increase their power based on the average indicated pressure, and to reduce their fuel consumption and harmful environmental effects. In particular, a method implemented in diesel engines CHN 15/15 of the basic design with their power increased by 60-70%, the power of diesel CHN 16.5/18.5 was increased by 70–100%.
Basing on model experiments it was found, that lignosilicon compounds (LSi), synthesized in the Institute of the Wood Chemistry on the basis hydrolysis lignin, which has been used as fertilizer and growth activator for the cereals in the microfield and field environments, help plants to adapt for the soil water deficiency. Increase of drought resistance is explained by the plants ability to form the powerful root system on the background of the lignosilicon compound, which provides them with better water supply and nutrition. The weight of aboveground part of oats and wheat after the 15-day water stress experiment exceeded control values for up to 32% and 10% correspondingly. Due to LSi addition aboveground part of oats had better water retention, lesser water deficiency and transpiration intensity. Oats had shown better water retention comparing to control values, wheat - on the same level, as control. In total on the background of LSi wheat and oats revealed higher drought resistance than in the case of lignin application. The most antistress effects were observed for oats.
The article presents the technological aspects of the problems aimed at using alcohol biofuel mixtures in diesel engines kept in operation in Lithuania concerning a gradual replacement of fuel oils with biofuels. It is shown that three‐component fuels such as D‐RME‐E possess the motor characteristics close to mineral diesel fuel. The use of the EC standardized rapeseed oil methyl esters RME as a solvent allows compensating the unfavorable motor characteristics of ethanol E and increasing the number of biocomponents in the fuel at the same time. The key aspects of research on the indicator process and the operating characteristics of diesel engines running on alcohol biofuel mixtures are substantiated.
Supplementary Methods from Systems Biology Reveals New Strategies for Personalizing Cancer Medicine and Confirms the Role of PTEN in Resistance to Trastuzumab
Influence of Lignosilicon – plant growth and development activator, synthesized by IWC on the basis of wood chemical processing waste, and "Azotobakterin" bacterial products commercially produced by Bioefekts Ltd, on oats quality and harwest were tested in field conditions. Products were added to oat seeds into the box of seeding – machine before sowing. Three variants (each field of 1 ha) with different dosages of products applied were used: 10 and 40 kg/ha of lignosilicon and 400 g/ha of azotobacterin. It was shown that on the background of all products tested the harvest of oat increased significantly, vegetation time shortened, plant resistance to diseases increased, grain quality improved; most of all this indices changed positively on the background of lignosilicon (dosage of 40 kg/ha). The results obtained have demonstrated that lignosilicon and azotobacterin has good prospects for biological agriculture.
Lignin preparations, introduced into soil jointly with buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, variety 'Aiva' (cultivated throughout Latvia) seeds during the sowing in quantities of 20 kg ha-1 and 40 kg ha-1, exerted a favourable effect on the ned in alcohol extracts from the biomass of different morphological parts of buckwheat, were represented mainly by rutin. The content of rutin in the ethanol extracts from the biomass of flowers with bract reached the maximum values in the phase of accomplishing blooming - beginning of fruit formation to be 2.74% in terms of dry mass (exceeding the rutin content development of plants and the synthesis of flavonoids in flowers with bract. Flavonoids, determin the control by 65%) in the variant with 40 kg ha-1 of Lignosilicon. Lignin preparations favoured the increase in the radical scavenging capacity of the alcohol extracts of the biomass of flowers with bract of buckwheat, as well as grain and hulls. The increment of the buckwheat grain crop, in comparison with the control on the background of 40 kg ha-1 of lignin, was 12%, and that on the background of 20 kg ha-1 and 40 kg/ha of Lignosilicon 10% and 15%, respectively.
Supplementary Information from Systems Biology Reveals New Strategies for Personalizing Cancer Medicine and Confirms the Role of PTEN in Resistance to Trastuzumab
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