Abstract Introduction : Several epidemiological studies reported inconsistent findings on the association between carotenoid intake and fracture risk. This study aimed to determine the association between individual carotenoid intake with fracture risk. Methods : A cross-sectional study based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2013–2018. This study identified elderly individuals with valid and complete data on carotenoid intake and bone mineral density. The average of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein + zeaxanthin was taken based on the two 24-hour recall interviews. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Matching was done based on age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Logistic regression models were used to test the associations between carotenoids and fracture risk All analyses were performed by using the R (Version: 3.4.3; R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) Results : A total of 5491 (1140 cases and 4351 control) subjects were included in this study. The average age of the subjects was 55.62 ± 14.84 years old. In the adjusted model, The risk of osteoporotic fracture was decreased by 6.2% (OR: 0.938; 95%CI: 0.699 to 0.989) and 1.4% (OR 0.986; 95%CI: 0.975 to 0.997) for dietary intake of beta-carotene and lycopene respectively. Conclusions : Dietary intakes of beta-carotene and lycopene have significantly reduced the risk of osteoporotic fracture among the elderly population in the United States of America.
Abstract Background Studies on osteoporosis awareness among the general population in China are still limited. We examined the level of osteoporosis awareness among residents in China, determined the risk factors associated with a lower level of osteoporosis awareness, and assessed the sources of their knowledge about osteoporosis. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among 368 general residents aged 30 years or older from 19 provinces during January–March 2018 in China. All participants were identified and interviewed face-to-face by medical students in Jilin University using a structured questionnaire. Osteoporosis awareness scores (percent of the correct answer) were determined across several domains, including definition, diagnosis, risk factors, and prevention of osteoporosis. We used multiple linear regression models to test the relationship between risk factors and overall awareness scores. Results The mean age of included participants was 52.9 ± 10.2 years, and 53% of them were male. Osteoporosis awareness score for definition was 77.7%, diagnosis 49.6%, risk factors 49.2%, treatment 60.5%, and prevention 69.9%. The overall awareness score was 67.8%. Lower family income and education level were significantly associated with lower overall awareness score (all p < 0.05). Television or radio health program was reported to be their main source of knowledge about osteoporosis. Conclusion The awareness level for osteoporosis in our study is moderate; lower family income and education level were risk factors for lower awareness. Television or radio health programs had the greatest contribution to osteoporosis awareness.
Abstract Context Bone mineral density (BMD) T-score references may be updated when the peak BMD of the population is unclear and warrants reevaluation. Objective To update BMD T-score references using the peak BMD from the most recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. Methods This cross-sectional study used NHANES data from 2005 to 2014. Non-Hispanic White females between the ages of 10 and 40 years (N = 1549) were our target population to estimate peak BMD (SD). Individuals aged ≥ 50 years (N = 5523) were used to compare the percentages of osteoporosis and low bone mass based on existing and updated BMD T-score references. BMD data within the age at attainment of peak BMD ± 5 years were used to calculate updated BMD T-score references. Results The updated average of BMD (SD) for diagnosing osteoporosis at the femoral neck and lumbar spine were 0.888 g/cm2 (0.121 g/cm2) and 1.065 g/cm2 (0.122 g/cm2), respectively. The percentages of individuals with osteoporosis at the femoral neck and low bone mass at the femoral neck and lumbar spine based on the updated BMD T-score references were higher than the percentages of people designated with these outcomes under the existing guidelines (P < 0.001). However, we observed the opposite pattern for lumbar spine osteoporosis (P < 0.001). Conclusions We calculated new BMD T-score references at the femoral neck and lumbar spine. We found significant differences in the percentages of individuals classified as having osteoporosis and low bone mass between the updated and existing BMD T-score references.
Abstract Background: Epidemiological studies examining the association between β-carotene intake and risk of fracture have reported inconsistent findings. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association between β-carotene intake and risk of fracture. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library databases for relevant articles that were published until December 2019. We also identified studies from reference lists of articles identified from the clinical databases. The frequentist and Bayesian random-effects model was used to synthesize data. Results: Nine studies with a total of 190,545 men and women, with an average age of 59.8 years, were included in this meta-analysis. For β-carotene intake (1.76 -14.30 mg/day), the pooled risk ratio (RR) of any fracture was 0.67 (95% Credible Interval (CrI): 0.51-0.82; heterogeneity: P = 0.66, I 2 =0.00 %) and 0.63 (95%CrI: 0.44-0. 82) for hip fracture. By study design, the pooled RRs were 0.55 (95% CrI: 0.14-0.96) for case-control studies and 0.82 (95% CrI: 0.58-0.99) for cohort studies. By geographic region, the pooled RRs were 0.58 (95% CrI: 0.28-0.89), 0.86 (95% CrI: 0.35-0.1.37), and 0.91(95% CrI: 0.75-1.00) for studies conducted in China, the United States, and Europe, respectively. By sex, the pooled RRs were 0.88 (95% CrI: 0.73-0.99) for males and 0.76 (95% CrI: 0.44-1.07) for females. There was a 95% probability that β-carotene intake reduces risk of hip fracture and any type of fracture by more than 20%. Conclusions: The present meta-analysis suggests that β-carotene intake was inversely associated with fracture risk, which was consistently observed for case-control and cohort studies. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm this relationship.
Abstract Abstract Background: Studies on osteoporosis awareness among the general population in China are still limited. We examined the level of osteoporosis awareness among residents in China, determined the risk factors associated with a lower level of osteoporosis awareness, and assessed the sources of their knowledge about osteoporosis. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 368 general residents aged 30 years or older from 19 provinces during January-March 2018 in China. All participants were identified and interviewed face-to-face by medical students in Jilin University using a structured questionnaire. Osteoporosis awareness scores (percent of the correct answer) was determined across several domains, including definition, diagnosis, risk factors, and prevention of osteoporosis. We used multiple linear regression models to test the relationship between risk factors and overall awareness scores. Results: The mean age of included participants was 52.9 ± 10.2 years, and 53% of them were male. Osteoporosis awareness score for definition was 77.7%, diagnosis 49.6%, risk factors 49.2%, treatment 60.5%, and prevention 69.9%. The overall awareness score was 67.8%. Lower family income and education level were significantly associated with lower overall awareness score (all p <0.05). Television or radio health program was reported to be their main source of knowledge about osteoporosis. Conclusion: The awareness level for osteoporosis in our study is moderate; lower family income and education level were risk factors for lower awareness. Television or radio health programs had the greatest contribution to osteoporosis awareness. Keywords: Osteoporosis, Awareness, Knowledge, China
Abstract Background: Epidemiological studies examining the association between β-carotene intake and risk of fracture have reported inconsistent findings. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association between β-carotene intake and risk of fracture. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library databases for relevant articles that were published until December 2019. We also identified studies from reference lists of articles identified from the clinical databases. The frequentist and Bayesian random-effects model was used to synthesize data. Results: Nine studies with a total of 190,545 men and women, with an average age of 59.8 years, were included in this meta-analysis. For β-carotene intake (1.76 -14.30 mg/day), the pooled risk ratio (RR) of any fracture was 0.67 (95% Credible Interval (CrI): 0.51-0.82; heterogeneity: P = 0.66, I 2 =0.00 %) and 0.63 (95%CrI: 0.44-0. 82) for hip fracture. By study design, the pooled RRs were 0.55 (95% CrI: 0.14-0.96) for case-control studies and 0.82 (95% CrI: 0.58-0.99) for cohort studies. By geographic region, the pooled RRs were 0.58 (95% CrI: 0.28-0.89), 0.86 (95% CrI: 0.35-0.1.37), and 0.91(95% CrI: 0.75-1.00) for studies conducted in China, the United States, and Europe, respectively. By sex, the pooled RRs were 0.88 (95% CrI: 0.73-0.99) for males and 0.76 (95% CrI: 0.44-1.07) for females. There was a 95% probability that β-carotene intake reduces risk of hip fracture and any type of fracture by more than 20%. Conclusions: The present meta-analysis suggests that β-carotene intake was inversely associated with fracture risk, which was consistently observed for case-control and cohort studies. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm this relationship.
Abstract Introduction The association between β-carotene intake and risk of fracture has been reported inconsistently. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association between β-carotene intake and risk of fracture using a Bayesian approach. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library database for relevant articles until December 2019. We also performed a hand search based on reference lists from published articles. The Bayesian random effect model was used to synthesize data from individual studies. Results Nine studies with a total of 190,545 men and women were included in this meta-analysis. The participants' average age was 59.8 years old. For β-carotene intake, the pooled RR of any fracture was 0.67 (95% Credible Interval (CrI): 0.51-0.82; heterogeneity: P = 0.66, I 2 =0.00%) and 0.63 (95%CrI: 0.44-0. 82) for hip fracture. By study design, the pooled RRs were 0.55 (95% CrI: 0.14-0.96) for case-control studies and 0.82 (95% CrI: 0.58-0.99) for cohort studies. By geographic region, the pooled RRs were 0.58 (95% CrI: 0.28-0.89) for studies conducted in China, 0.86 (95% CrI: 0.35-0.1.37) in America and 0.91(95% CrI: 0.75-1.00) Europe. By gender: the pooled RRs were 0.88 (95% CrI: 0.73-0.99) for males and 0.76 (95% CrI: 0.44-1.07) for females. The probability that β-carotene intakes reduce the risk of any fracture and hip fracture by more than 20% was 95%. Conclusion The present meta-analysis suggests that β-carotene intake was inversely associated with fracture risk, consistently observed for case-control and cohort studies. Further randomized control trial is warranted to confirm this finding.
Although meningitis is largely preventable, it still causes hundreds of thousands of deaths globally each year. WHO set ambitious goals to reduce meningitis cases by 2030, and assessing trends in the global meningitis burden can help track progress and identify gaps in achieving these goals. Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we aimed to assess incident cases and deaths due to acute infectious meningitis by aetiology and age from 1990 to 2019, for 204 countries and territories.
Abstract Background: Studies on osteoporosis awareness among general population in China are still limited. We examined the level of osteoporosis awareness among residents in China, determined the risk factors associated with lower level of osteoporosis awareness, and assessed the sources of their knowledge about osteoporosis. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 368 general residents aged 30 years or older from 19 provinces during January-March 2018 in China. All participants were identified and interviewed face-to-face by medical students in Jilin University using a structured questionnaire. Osteoporosis awareness scores (percent of correct answer) was determined across several domains, including definition, diagnosis, risk factors, and prevention of osteoporosis. We used multiple linear regression models to test the relationship between risk factors and overall awareness scores. Results: The mean age of participants was 52.9 ± 10.2 years, and 53% of them were male. Osteoporosis awareness score for definition was 77.7%, diagnosis 49.6%, risk factors 49.2%, treatment 60.5%, and prevention 69.9%. The overall awareness score was 67.8%. Lower family income and education level were significantly associated with lower overall awareness score (all p <0.05). Television or radio health program was reported to be their main source of knowledge about osteoporosis. Conclusion: The awareness level for osteoporosis is moderate; lower family income and education level were risk factors for lower awareness. Television or radio health program had the greatest contribution to osteoporosis awareness.
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