Анализируются факторы, влияющие на реализацию существующих благоприятных предпосылок развития территории опережающего социально-экономического развития «Сарапул». Показано, что за реализацией каждой из существующих благоприятных предпосылок развития территории опережающего социально-экономического развития стоит деятельность персонала предприятий и организаций, который необходимо подготовить. Выявлены и систематизированы характерные особенности современного рынка труда муниципального образования «Сарапул». Развитие резидентами территории опережающего социально-экономического развития предприятий пищевой, легкой и обрабатывающей промышленности, бумажной и химической отраслей может потребовать значительного прилива молодых квалифицированных кадров. И в этом случае мы можем ощутить их дефицит. Поэтому без принятия определенных регулирующих мер, ситуация на рынке труда территории опережающего социально-экономического развития «Сарапул» может обостриться в самом ближайшем будущем. Решение проблемы пополнения специалистами экономики территории опережающего социально-экономического развития моногорода, в основном за счет местного населения, приобретает важное стратегическое значение с точки зрения формирования необходимого количества рабочей силы, обеспечивающей экономическое развитие территории опережающего социально-экономического развития в моногороде. Предложена концептуальная схема формирования механизма управления взаимодействием рынков труда и образовательных услуг на территории опережающего социально-экономического развития для достижения гармонизации их потребностей, позволяющая подготовить высококвалифицированные кадры и увеличить производительность труда.
The article studies the development of new methodological support for marketing activities in the context of globalization for innovative enterprises with a wide range of products. Today, manufacturers are winning over consumers in conditions of high competition and decreasing response time to market needs. It is necessary to structure the needs of the target audience according to purchase decision-making patterns. Based on the analysis of approaches to ensuring competitiveness, it was revealed that it is necessary to study consumer behavior and motivation for purchasing goods. The theories of purchasing decisions and motivation for choosing a product are analyzed. It is noted that globalization has transformed the consumer environment and consumer behavior, and the motives for self-positioning in society and joining new social groups are highlighted. The article proposes a “needs - interests - values” systematization, which highlights the special properties of a product. The proposed systematization is included in the algorithm for choosing a positioning strategy based on a ranking pyramid, taking into account: price, quality, functionality, design, exclusivity, brand status and brand spirit, which allow influencing the choice of the target audience. The developed seven-level ranking pyramid is a tool for making decisions on choosing a product positioning strategy. The proposed methodological approach to positioning of goods will ensure the competitiveness of the organization.
Cytokine profile of th1- and th2-dependent variants of Chroni C Gvhd abstract. Induction of chronic GVHD in the DBA/2→(C57Bl/6xDBA/2) F1 semi-allogeneic murine model results into development of Th1- and Th2-dependent immunopathological conditions that are characterized by different cytokine profiles. Chronic GVHD is accompanied by a sharp increase in IgE levels, thus presuming considerable IL-4 production. In recipients with Th2-dependent GvHD variant, elevated contents of serum IL-6, IL-7 and TNFα were also observed, which, along with other effects, may support polyclonal activation of B cells, thus leading to development of autoimmune pathology. (Med. Immunol., 2012, vol. 14, N 1-2, pp 67-74)
The aim of the study is to develop methodological recommendations for balanced scorecard practical implementation into activities of Russian oil-producing service organizations in present-day conditions on the basis of logistical principles.The perspectives for balanced scorecard development based on logistics principles and strategic management peculiarities of the oil-producing service organizations are proposed in the article.The indicators and their characteristic values, allowing to coordinate operational and strategic management and to obtain synergistic effect are suggested.As a result of the study, the authorial methodology of balanced scorecard using for oil-producing service organizations was developed in order to improve effective cooperation between service organizations of vertically integrated oil companies.
The analysis of approaches to implementing the regional cluster policy has been conducted. The mechatronics specialist's role in the development of innovation processes has been determined and recommendations on forming an infrastructure of a regional industrial complex have been given. The conditions of effective forming of mechatronics specialists' professional competences in a regional industrial cluster have been determined. The degree of development of professional competences has been determined, i.e. innovation and educational potential. The principles of subjects' interaction have been formulated, being nominally divided into interconnected groups: organizational and informational related to the essence of the interaction process; basic theoretical and methodological principles of management of interaction process in a regional industrial complex.
For the effective functioning of scrap processing enterprises and optimization of the production capacities it is necessary to predict the optimal level of production stock based on logistical approaches and studying the demand for products.The paper proposes the model of stock control at scrap processing enterprises.It is considered that scrap processing enterprises are often functioning at the oligopsony market.It has been determined that the scrap market is a typical example of the oligopsony market.In the oligopsony market, enterprises are usually in a state that can be considered a state of equilibrium, when none of the market players is profitable to break this balance.Changes in market prices or price policies should be deliberate and justified.The relation of pricing models and stock control models at enterprises are considered.By regulating its price, the company can significantly and quickly change the number of scrap stocks.It is stated that an enterprise having its pricing system should track the number of scrap stocks.The method of stock controlling at the enterprise by changing its pricing policy is proposed.The model considers the expected value of demand, the price elasticity of supply and demand, storage costs, the stock volume at the warehouse and the specific loss due to unsatisfied demand.The inventory management model is based on modern models of scrap price forecasting, is an optimization model and is based on it proposed the algorithm for the functioning of the computer-aided system of stock control.
Acute GVHR leads to severe cytotoxic reaction of transplanted cells against host tissues.It's characterized by thymic involution, pronounced hypoplasia of the lympho-hemopoietic tissue, including aplastic anemia, immunodeficiency, hypogammaglobulinemia, and sepsis.Acute GVHR often ends with the death of the recipient.Chronic GVHR is characterized by a long incubation period and relatively low mortality.It's manifested by lymphoid hyperplasia, hypergammaglobulinemia, autoantibody formation.Chronic GVHR is more diverse in the immune mechanisms and accordingly in the clinical manifestations: it may be observed the development of immunodeficiency, the formation of different variants of autoimmune pathologies, lymphoproliferative processes, skin lesions, disorders of intestines (enteritis, colitis) and other internal organs (Gleichmann et al., 1984;Via & Shearer, 1988;Mori et al., 1998;Chu & Gress, 2008).It has been shown that GVHR may be useful model for study various human disorders.In mouse models of GVHR a reaction may be directed to MHC class I, MHC class II, or both or to isolated multiple minor histocompatibility antigens (miHA) alone.In each case the reaction is dependent on either CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, or both, depending on the strain combination of donor and recipient.When donor and recipient are distinguished by MHC I and II classes acute GVHR occurs, whereas in the case of only MHC class II differences chronic GVHR is formed.Initially acute GVHR was considered Th1dependent and chronic GVHR -Th2-dependent form of reaction (Krenger & Ferrara, 1996;Okamoto et al., 2000;Shustov et al., 2000;Kataoka et al., 2001).Now it has become evident that this is an oversimplification and a situation is much more complicated.Currently it has been shown involvement either Th1-and Th2-subpopulation in the development of acute and chronic GVHR, and thus there are many unresolved issues concerning of GVHR mechanisms and participating of different cytokines and cell subpopulations, particularly with regard to the chronic form of the reaction (Koreth & Antin, 2008;Reddy & Ferrara, 2009). www.intechopen.comThe Experimental Model of the Autoimmune Glomerulonephritis Induced by the Chronic Graft versus Host Reaction 51 than one in C57Bl/6 mice (Via et al., 1987;Tschetter et al., 2000).Thus induction of GVHR in transfer system DBA/2(C57Bl/6xDBA/2)F1 does not lead to an acute form as it should be due genetic donor-recipient differences but causes a chronic GVHD dependent on CD4 + donor cells (Gleichmann et al., 1984;Reddy et al., 2008).There are a polyclonal activation of B cells, an increase of a total IgG level, a formation of multiple autoantibodies including antibodies to DNA.Autoantibodies found in this GVHR are of the IgG class whereas antibodies binding to a variety of self antigens and found in the peripheral blood of normal individuals are of the IgM class (Rolink et al., 1987).Chronic GVHD results in a development of autoimmune disorder similar human systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) and in a formation of lupus-like immune complex glomerulonephritis (Via & Shearer, 1988). Two variants of GVHD induced in transfer system DBA/2(C57Bl/6xDBA/2)F1Studying this model we have discovered that although the typical chronic GVHR develops in all recipients reaction can proceed in two different directions despite the genetic homogeneity of recipients -(C57Bl/6xDBA/2)F1 mice.The development of chronic GVHR is sustained by increased spleen cell number and polyclonal B-cell activation in the absence of thymus destruction (Kozlov et al., 2002).The absence of destruction of lymphoid tissue, in particular, atrophy of the thymus is a sharp-cut distinctive feature of chronic GVHD from its acute form.Chronic GVHD is not accompanied by marked disruptions of thymus tissue, infiltration of the thymus by donor T-cells, pronounced structural changes, signs of local inflammation and disorders of cell proliferation (Krenger et al., 2000). Development of chronic GVHRThe formation of glomerulonephritis is going on for 6 -12 weeks (Fig. 1).The autoimmune glomerulonephritis develops in 50-60% recipients (a lupus group), whereas marked disorders of kidney are absent in the rest ones (a nonlupus group) (Fig. 2).* -p < 0.05 compared between control and experimental group; # -p < 0.05 between experimental groups
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