Objective To investigate the in vitro effect of piliated Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PPA)and its flagellin combined with rhIL-12 on the immunological function of patients with chronic hepatitis B (HB).Methods The PBMCs of patients with chronic HB were co-incubated with PPA,the flagellin of PPA,rhIL-12,PPA + rhIL-12 and flagellin + rhIL-12 respectively,using those of healthy persons as control.The IFNγ content in culture supernatant of PBMCs was determined by ELISA.Results PPA and its flagellin induced only low IFNγ levels,while the IFNγ level induced by rhIL-12 was significantly higher than that of negative control.However,the IFNγ levels induced by PPA + rhIL-12 and flagellin + rhIL-12 were significantly higher than those by PPA,flagellin and rhIL-12,and the effect of rhIL-12 was dose-dependent.Conclusion PPA and its flagellin combined with rhIL-12 significantly increased the IFNγ levels in PBMCs of patients with HB and healthy persons in vitro,and enhanced their cellular immune response.
The flow assurance problem of pipelines in offshore production is becoming more and more serious because oil fields in more and more unusual environments have been brought in production.HCFC-141b and THF were selected as the substitutes to study the flow behavior and mechanism of hydrate blockage in pipelines on the newly built flow loop,which was a two pass loop consisting of a 42 mm diameter stainless pipe,30 m long.Slurry-like hydrates and slush-like hydrates were observed with the formation of hydrates in pipeline.There are critical hydrate volume concentrations of 37.5% for HCFC-141b hydrate slurry and 50.6% for THF hydrate slurry respectively.The pipeline would be free of hydrate blockage when the hydrate volume concentration was lower than the critical volume concentration; while otherwise the pipeline would be easily blocked.A safe region,which is defined according the critical hydrate volume concentrations,is firstly proposed for hydrate slurry,and it can be used to judge if the pipeline can be run safely or not.
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