Abstract Increasing application of lanthanide-doped nanocrystals (LDNCs) entails a risk of a harmful impact on the natural environment. Therefore, in the presented study the influence of gadolinium orthovanadates doped with Eu 3+ nanocrystals on wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), chosen as a model plant species, was investigated. The seeds were grown in Petri dishes filled with colloids of LDNCs at the concentrations of: 0, 10, 50 and 100 µg/ml. The plants’ growth endpoints (number of roots, roots length, roots mass, hypocotyl length and hypocotyl mass) and germination rate were found to be not significantly changed after the exposure to GdVO 4 :Eu 3+ nanocrystals at all used concentrations. The presence of LDNCs also had no effect on oxidative stress intensity determined on the basis of the amount of lipid peroxidation product (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TBARS) of the roots. Similarly, TTC (tetrazolium chloride) assay did not show any differences in cells’ viability. However, root cells of the treated seedlings contained less amount of Evans Blue (EB) when compared to the control.
The use of functional nanomaterials and their combination with organic polymers leads to the formation of advanced composites and hybrid inorganic–organic systems having unique properties.
Nanocrystalline REF3:Tb3+ fluorides (where RE = Y, La, Ce, Gd, and Yb) have been synthesized using a precipitation method in a water/glycerine system. Glycerine, which was added in 25% by volume to Ln(NO3)3 and NH4F reactant solutions, prevented an uncontrolled growth of the nanocrystals and enhanced the stability of the colloids formed in water. X-ray analysis and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the formation of the fluoride nanocrystals. Additionally, the presence of glycerine on the surface of the crystallites was established on the basis of IR measurements. The use of Tb3+ ions resulted in a green luminescence of the products, with a maximum of this emission at 545 nm. Spectroscopic analysis was performed to investigate the effects of the fluoride matrix on the luminescent properties of the Tb3+ ions. Quantum yields were also determined. In particular, the most efficient system, based on CeF3 doped with 15% Tb3+, was investigated in detail.
Abstract GdVO 4 -based dual-mode phosphors were successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal approach. The X-ray diffraction analysis determined the tetragonal structure as well as I 4 1 /amd space group of products by comparing with a reference pattern no. ICDD #01-072-0277. The morphology of yielded phosphors was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Detailed spectroscopy analysis revealed tunable luminescence properties with an increasing Yb 3+ content in series of GdVO 4 : x% Yb 3+ , y% Tm 3+ , 5% Eu 3+ (x = 5, 10, 15, 20; y = 0.1, 0.5, 1) phosphors. For Yb 3+ , Tm 3+ , and Eu 3+ - codoped phosphors we observed bands related to the 1 G 4 → 3 H 6 and 1 G 4 → 3 F 4 transitions of Tm 3+ ions, occurred through the cooperative up-conversion mechanism, where two nearby Yb 3+ ions were involved in near-infrared absorption. Moreover, the GdVO 4 : 20% Yb 3+ , 0.5% Tm 3+ , 5% Eu 3+ showed the most outstanding color tunability from red color (x = 0.6338, y = 0.3172) under UV to blue color (x = 0.2640, y = 0.1988) under NIR excitation, which can be applied in anti-counterfeiting activity.