To analyze the factors involved in the functional prognosis of stroke patients three months after onset.We made a prospective study of 288 patients with non-transient strokes who had been admitted consecutively to our hospital. Data was collected on a standardized questionnaire: age, sex, risk factors, latency of admission, interval of neurological attention (INA), severity of defect (classified on the Scandinavian scale: slight-moderate: SSS > 30/serious: SSS < or = 30), stay in hospital, development of complications and previous quality of life, after seven and ninety days. Two groups were considered according to Barthel's index (BI): acceptable recuperation: BI > 60 and poor recuperation BI < or = 60.The average age was 70.72 years and the latency of admission was 9.71 hours. After three months the functional prognosis was good in 145 patients. On bivariate analysis the latency of admission, severity of the stroke, age, development of complications, INA and BI, one week later were significant. Multivariate analysis confirmed as independent indicators of poor prognosis after 90 days: advanced age of the patient (p = 0.006), the development of complications (p = 0.0235), serious neurological defect (p = 0.0274) and the BI after seven days (p = 0.006).Advanced age of the patient, the extent of the defect and appearance of complications whilst in hospital were associated with poorer quality of life after three months. The INA > 6 hours also had a negative influence, although it was not confirmed to be an independent variable.
Introduction In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with uncontrolled glycemia despite ongoing upward titration of basal insulin, targeting postprandial hyperglycemia may be required. Nevertheless, the point at which basal insulin is fully optimized and postprandial glucose (PPG) should be targeted with additional treatment remains unclear. We report here on the BeAM value (difference between bedtime and morning blood glucose values) as an indicator of the need to target PPG. Methods This study had 3 stages: exploratory, main, and proof-of-concept analyses. For the exploratory and main analyses, data were pooled from phase 3 trials in adults with T2DM adding basal insulin to oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs). The main analysis included only patients who did not reach A1C ≤7.0% (53 mmol/mol) at week 24. The proof-of-concept analysis used pooled data from phase 3 trials in adults with T2DM adding insulin glargine and a single insulin glulisine injection to OADs. Results In patients undergoing basal insulin titration, BeAM value increased over 24 weeks (27.8–61.7 mg/dL, n=1188; 32.6–71.2 mg/dL, n=553; exploratory and main analyses, respectively). There were significant correlations between week 24 BeAM value and postprandial contribution to hyperglycemia (Pearson's correlation coefficient (r)=0.375, p<0.001; r=0.396, p<0.001; exploratory and main analyses, respectively). When PPG was targeted (proof-of-concept analysis), the BeAM value reduced from 77.0 to 40.4 mg/dL (n=299). Conclusions The BeAM value described in this study is a simple, easy-to-calculate value that may identify patients with T2DM using basal insulin that need targeting of postprandial control rather than advancing basal insulin dose.