Introduction: Hypothyroidism is a disease that affects approximately 5 to 15% of the population. Its presence could behave as a cardiovascular risk factor, due to its effects on lipid metabolism, increased pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant activity. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and its prognostic implication. Material and methods: Retrospective and observational study that included patients admitted to the Coronary Unit of the Institute of Cardiology of Corrientes by ACS from 01/01/13 to 05/23/15. The population was divided into two groups: 1 (with hypothyroidism) and 2 (without hypothyroidism). Categorical variables were expressed as percentages and were analyzed using the Chi-square test and continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and analyzed by Student's T Test. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 21.0.0 program. Statistically significant differences were considered, p values <0.005. Results: There were 607 patients included, of which 6% belonged to group 1. Hypothyroid patients had a higher rate of male sex (79% vs. 51%, p=0.02), diabetes (46% vs. 30%, p=0.01) and dyslipidemia (66% vs. 52%, p=0.01). There were more smokers between non-hypothyroid patients (30% vs. 6%). During hospitalization, there were no statistically significant differences regarding the risk of death (5.7% vs. 4.5%) and complications associated with ACS (11% re-infarction vs 5%; cardiogenic shock 6% vs 5% and atrial fibrillation 6% vs 10 %). However, the 30-day follow-up showed a higher death rate (21.2% vs 9%; p 0.002) and stroke (5.7% vs 0.7%; p 0.004) in group 1. Conclusions: Hypothyroidism is a rare entity in patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome. Its presence was associated with a higher rate of re-infarction during hospitalization, and higher mortality in the 30-day follow-up.
Heart failure complicating acute myocardial infarction marks an ominous prognosis. Killip and Kimball's classification of heart failure remains a useful tool in these patients. Lung ultrasound can detect pulmonary congestion but its usefulness in this scenario is unknown. To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound to predict heart failure in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction and without heart failure were evaluated with a lung ultrasound. The presence of B-lines was recorded and counted. The presence of new heart failure (Killip Class B, C, or D) during hospitalization was evaluated by a cardiologist blinded to the results of lung ultrasound. A ROC curve analysis was done to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of B-lines to predict heart failure. 200 patients were included. Three patients were diagnosed with cardiogenic shock, 5 with acute pulmonary edema, and 17 with mild heart failure. Patients who develop heart failure had a median of 14 B-lines, however, patients who remained in Killip class A had a median of 2 (p = 0,0001). The area under the ROC curve of the sum of B-lines to predict any form of heart failure was 0,91 (CI95% 86–97). The best cut-off value was 5 B-lines, with a sensitivity of 88% (IC95% 68,8–97,5) and specificity of 81% (IC95% 73,9–86,2). Lung ultrasound done at admission can help to predict heart failure In patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Increases in NT-ProBNP are markers of parietal stress and are caused by different mechanisms. Objective: To evaluate serial measurements of NT-proBNP in ACS and its relation to prognosis. Methods: Observational, prospective study that included 205 consecutive patients with acute coronary syndrome, hospitalized at the Institute of Cardiology of Corrientes from 01-JAN-2010 to 15-JAN-2011. The clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic variables were assessed at baseline and one year. Blood samples were taken at baseline, 1 month, 6 months and 1 year, measuring NT-proBNP. Multivariate analysis was performed. Results: 25 pts (12.2%) unstable angina, 85 pts non-STEMI (41.4%) and 95 pts STEMI (46.4%). The mean age was 62.4±18 years, 78% male. The NT-proBNP values are shown in the attached Table.
There was a significant diference between NT-proBNP at the baseline and at 1 month (p<0.001), 1 month to 6 months (p<0.001) and 6 months to 1 year (p<0.001). A multivariate model was constructed to see predictors in follow-up: troponin T persisted as an independent variable in the analysis, HR 3.5 (95%, CI 2.5-4.3), together with HF HR 3.2 (CI 95% 2.1-4.5), age HR 1.15 (CI 95%, 1.05-1.19) and NT-proBNP: HR 2.9 (IC 95%, 2.3-4.15). When ventricular remodeling was analyzed, a drop in ejection fraction (55.72 to 53.50%) was observed in patients in whom NT-proBNP levels remained high, p=0.01; and the diameter of the end of diastole increased (48.08 to 49.61 mm) p=0.03. The 2-year survival in patients who had 2 or more elevated NT-proBNP monitoring was 84% vs 92% for those with <2 determinations of elevated NT-proBNP (p=0.01). Conclusions: Patients with ACS who had 2 or more elevated NT-proBNP measurements had poor prognosis, related with ventricular remodeling manifested by lower ejection fraction and greater diameter of the left ventricle. Pro-BNP is an independent predictor of mortality during the follow-up.