This paper describes the application of a quantitative intelligent system to traffic signal control. The framework and functions of the system are described, , including the role of fuzzy systems and neural networks.
Carrying a load can affect human locomotion and increase the risk of musculoskeletal injuries. In this letter, we proposed a method inspired by the running posture of ungulate species to reduce metabolic energy by controlling load motion. We developed an energy-saving exoskeleton with an active load CoM adjustment system, which enables accurate control of load CoM acceleration using active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) technology. Finally, we tested the energy-saving exoskeleton system, and the results showed an $8.82 \pm 4.19\%$ decrease in the integrated EMG signals of rectus femoris, as well as an $8.21 \pm 3.85\%$ reduction in net metabolic rate. These findings validate the effectiveness of our energy-saving exoskeleton.
Due to the wavelength-dependent penetration depth of the incident light, charge carriers in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) generated by short-wavelength lights mostly populate near the surface of the perovskite active layer. Thus, these photogenerated charge carriers have to run across the entire longitudinal section of the perovskite to form current, which inevitably causes carrier loss in terms of charge recombination and reduces the photovoltaic performance. Herein, we report that the incidence depth issue of the short-wavelength light can be feasibly overcome by incorporating silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) into the perovskite active layer to increase the light scattering effect. As evidenced by the systematic spectroscopic and transient photoelectric studies, SiO2 NPs not only diminish the attenuation of the short-wavelength light along the incidence direction within the volume of the perovskite active layer but also promote charge transport and suppress charge recombination. Consequently, the as-modified device exhibits a prominent short-circuit current density promotion with a power conversion efficiency of 17.83%, 17% higher than that of the reference device. More importantly, it is experimentally validated that the SiO2 NPs treatment method is viable for sustaining the photocurrent of ultrathin PSC devices, which is of dramatic academic significance in developing semitransparent and flexible modules.
Bladder cancer (BC) is a commonly occurring malignant tumor affecting the urinary tract. Zinc finger proteins (ZNFs) constitute the largest transcription factor family in the human genome and are therefore attractive biomarker candidates for BC prognosis. In this study, we profiled the expression of ZNFs in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) BC cohort and developed a novel prognostic signature based on 7 ZNF-coding genes. After external validation of the model in the GSE48276 dataset, we integrated the 7-ZNF-gene signature with patient clinicopathological data to construct a nomogram that forecasted 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS with good predictive accuracy. We then accessed The Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database to predict the therapeutic drug responses of signature-defined high- and low-risk BC patients in the TCGA cohort. Greater sensitivity to chemotherapy was revealed in the low-risk group. Finally, we conducted gene set enrichment analysis of the signature genes and established, by applying the ESTIMATE algorithm, distinct correlations between the two risk groups and the presence of stromal and immune cell types in the tumor microenvironment. By allowing effective risk stratification of BC patients, our novel ZNF gene signature may enable tailoring more intensive treatment for high-risk patients.
Ion migration in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) significantly impacts their photoelectric performance and physicochemical stability. Existing research has predominantly focused on inhibiting ion migration through chemical strategies or observing it under open-circuit or short-circuit conditions. This focus has led to a limited theoretical understanding and control of ion migration under practical conditions, constraining advances in long-term stability. In this study, we introduce a novel variable-load transient photoelectric technique (VL-TPT) to investigate ion migration dynamics in PSCs under practical operating conditions. Results show that ion accumulation correlates with photogenerated carrier concentration under open-circuit conditions. During operation, ion accumulation decreases with reduced load, because charge is transferred to the external circuit, leading to a reduction in carrier concentration within the device. An unusual increase in interface ions is observed at low loads due to interactions between charges accumulated in the potential well and ions. Introducing FA+ in MA0.75FA0.25PbI3 devices suppresses ion migration in the open-circuit state but accelerates interface ion buildup under operating conditions. These findings provide valuable insights for enhancing device stability and performance.
Abstract A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe procedure was designed to extract pesticide residues from fruits and vegetables with a high percentage of water. It has not been used extensively for the extraction of phthalate esters from sediments, soils, and sludges. In this work, this procedure was combined with gas chromatography with mass spectrometry to determine 16 selected phthalate esters in soil. The extraction efficiency of the samples was improved by ultrasonic extraction and dissolution of the soil samples in ultra‐pure water, which promoted the dispersion of the samples. Furthermore, we have simplified the extraction step and reduced the risk of organic solvent contamination by minimizing the use of organic solvents. Different extraction solvents and clean‐up adsorbents were compared to optimize the procedure. Dichloromethane/ n ‐hexane (1:1, v/v) and n ‐hexane/acetone (1:1, v/v) were selected as the extractants from the six extraction solvents tested. C18/primary secondary amine (1:1, m/m) was selected as the sorbent from the five clean‐up adsorbents tested. The recoveries from the spiked soils ranged from 70.00 to 117.90% with relative standard deviation values of 0.67–4.62%. The proposed approach was satisfactorily applied for the determination of phthalate esters in 12 contaminated soil samples.
The interrelation between prosody and syntax becomes more and more important in speech processing. This paper is intended to analyze the syntactic correlations of prosodic phrase in broadcasting news speech. The research results in the followings: Firstly, the C-PP, which there is a stable prosodic pattern of pitch contour within its rhythmic chunking, has a flexible syntactic structure and stable semantic expression. Secondly, we find that the syntactic structure is more complex than the prosodic structure, and some conjunction and particle more likely attached to the end of left structure or the beginning of right one and form a prosodic word. If it has just four lexical words including the conjunction or particle they form a prosodic word by itself. That is to say, it has very great flexibility in prosodic structures for conjunctions and particles.
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