Kathinka Gerlinger

Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy

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Stefan Eisebitt

Technische Universität Berlin

Bastian Pfau

Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy

Dieter Engel

Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy

Lisa-Marie Kern

Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems

C. Günther

Technische Universität Berlin

Michael Schneider

Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems

Felix Büttner

University of Augsburg

Christopher Klose

Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy

Kai Bagschik

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY

Josefin Fuchs

Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy

Cooperative Institutions

Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy

European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY

Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie

Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems

Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A.

Universität Hamburg

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement

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Data and code for Observation of fluctuation-mediated picosecond nucleation of a topological phase

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2020)

Felix Büttner Bastian Pfau Marie Böttcher Michael Schneider Giuseppe Mercurio

Data and code to generate the figures in the main text and supplementary information of our article.

Picosecond

Code (set theory)

10.5281/zenodo.3827320

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Citations (0)

Data and code for Observation of fluctuation-mediated picosecond nucleation of a topological phase

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2020)

Felix Büttner Bastian Pfau Marie Böttcher Michael Schneider Giuseppe Mercurio

Data and code to generate the figures in the main text and supplementary information of our article.

Picosecond

Code (set theory)

10.5281/zenodo.4017322

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Citations (0)

Coherent x-ray magnetic imaging with 5 nm resolution

arXiv (Cornell University) (2023)

Riccardo Battistelli Daniel Metternich Michael Schneider Lisa-Marie Kern Kai Litzius

Soft x-ray microscopy plays an important role in modern spintronics. However, the achievable resolution of most x-ray magnetic imaging experiments is above 10 nm, limiting access to fundamental and technologically relevant length scales. Here, we demonstrate x-ray magnetic microscopy with 5 nm resolution by combining holography-assisted coherent diffractive imaging with heterodyne amplification of the weak magnetic signal. The gain in resolution and contrast allows direct access to key magnetic properties, including domain wall profiles and the position of pinning sites. The ability to detect and map such properties with photons opens new horizons for element-specific, time-resolved, and in-operando research on magnetic materials and beyond.

Limiting

10.48550/arxiv.2309.09964

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Deterministic Generation and Guided Motion of Magnetic Skyrmions by Focused He⁺-Ion Irradiation

Nano Letters (2022)

Lisa-Marie Kern Bastian Pfau Victor Deinhart Michael Schneider Christopher Klose

Magnetic skyrmions are quasiparticles with nontrivial topology, envisioned to play a key role in next-generation data technology while simultaneously attracting fundamental research interest due to their emerging topological charge. In chiral magnetic multilayers, current-generated spin-orbit torques or ultrafast laser excitation can be used to nucleate isolated skyrmions on a picosecond time scale. Both methods, however, produce randomly arranged skyrmions, which inherently limits the precision on the location at which the skyrmions are nucleated. Here, we show that nanopatterning of the anisotropy landscape with a He+-ion beam creates well-defined skyrmion nucleation sites, thereby transforming the skyrmion localization into a deterministic process. This approach allows control of individual skyrmion nucleation as well as guided skyrmion motion with nanometer-scale precision, which is pivotal for both future fundamental studies of skyrmion dynamics and applications.

Skyrmion

10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00670

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Citations (37)

Data for Pump–probe x-ray microscopy of photo-induced magnetization dynamics at MHz repetition rates

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2023)

Kathinka Gerlinger Bastian Pfau M. Hennecke Lisa-Marie Kern I. Will

Datasets and analysis scripts used in publication: Gerlinger et al., Pump–probe x-ray microscopy of photo-induced magnetization dynamics at MHz repetition rates

Repetition (rhetorical device)

Dynamics

Magnetization dynamics

10.5281/zenodo.7647266

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Dataset for 'Coherent x-ray magnetic imaging with 5 nm resolution'

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2023)

Riccardo Battistelli Daniel Metternich Michael Schneider Lisa-Marie Kern Kai Litzius

Dataset for the paper "Coherent x-ray magnetic imaging with 5 nm resolution", undergoing peer review on Optica.This dataset contains raw data and code useful to produce the results found in the paper.

10.5281/zenodo.8338728

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Data and code for Observation of fluctuation-mediated picosecond nucleation of a topological phase

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2020)

Felix Büttner Bastian Pfau Marie Böttcher Michael Schneider Giuseppe Mercurio

Data and code to generate the figures in the main text and supplementary information of our article.

Picosecond

Code (set theory)

10.5281/zenodo.3827319

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Citations (0)

Pump–probe x-ray microscopy of photo-induced magnetization dynamics at MHz repetition rates

Structural Dynamics (2023)

Kathinka Gerlinger Bastian Pfau M. Hennecke Lisa-Marie Kern I. Will

We present time-resolved scanning x-ray microscopy measurements with picosecond photo-excitation via a tailored infrared pump laser at a scanning transmission x-ray microscope. Specifically, we image the laser-induced demagnetization and remagnetization of thin ferrimagnetic GdFe films proceeding on a few nanoseconds timescale. Controlling the heat load on the sample via additional reflector and heatsink layers allows us to conduct destruction-free measurements at a repetition rate of 50 MHz. Near-field enhancement of the photo-excitation and controlled annealing effects lead to laterally heterogeneous magnetization dynamics which we trace with 30 nm spatial resolution. Our work opens new opportunities to study photo-induced dynamics on the nanometer scale, with access to picosecond to nanosecond time scales, which is of technological relevance, especially in the field of magnetism.

Nanosecond

Magnetization dynamics

Picosecond

Ferrimagnetism

Magnetism

10.1063/4.0000167

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Citations (3)

Robust scenario for the generation of non-equilibrium topological fluctuation states

arXiv (Cornell University) (2022)

Kathinka Gerlinger Rein Liefferink Michael Schneider Lisa-Marie Kern Christopher Klose

The recently discovered topological fluctuation state provides a fascinating new perspective on the ultrafast emergence of topology in condensed matter systems. However, rather little is known about the physics of this state and the origin of the topological fluctuations. Using time-resolved small-angle x-ray scattering, we observe that topological fluctuation states appear after laser excitation even if the final state does not host stable skyrmions. Simulations support these findings and reveal that the fluctuations originate from the competition between spontaneous nucleation and decay of skyrmions, consistent with Arrhenius-like activation over a potential barrier. Stable skyrmions can freeze out of such fluctuations when the effective temperature of the system relaxes faster than the decay time of the skyrmions. Our results reveal a robust scenario for the generation of topological fluctuation states, potentially enabling their study in a wide variety of magnetic systems.

Skyrmion

State of matter

10.48550/arxiv.2212.03143

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Observation of fluctuation-mediated picosecond nucleation of a topological phase

Nature Materials (2020)

Felix Büttner Bastian Pfau Marie Böttcher Michael Schneider Giuseppe Mercurio

Skyrmion

Topological defect

10.1038/s41563-020-00807-1

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Citations (92)