Population studies indicate that HLA-DR4 is implicated in the susceptibility of IDD. However, biochemical characterization of the serologically defined DR4 haplotype from normal individuals revealed five DR4 and three DQW3 molecular forms. Hence, in this study, they investigated the heterogeneity of the DR4 haplotype, using B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (B-LCL) generated from patients with IDD and seropositive for DR4. Class II molecules, metabolically labeled with /sup 35/S-methionine, were immunoprecipitated with monoclonal antibodies specific for DR(L243), DQ(N297), DQW3(IVD12) or DR and DQ(SG465) and analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). The isoelectrofocusing (IEF) conditions employed in this study allow representation only of the DR4 haplotype from either DR3/4 or DR4/4 cell lines. The analysis of six different DR4 haplotypes from seven IDD patients, revealed the presence of two DR4 ..beta.. and two DQW3 ..beta.. chains. Three of the six DR4 ..beta.. haplotypes analyzed shared the same DR4 ..beta.. chain and three others shared a different one. Additionally five of the six haplotypes shared a different one. Additionally five of the six haplotypes shared the same DQW3 ..beta.. chain and only one was carrying a different one. Different combinations of the two DR4 and two DQW3 ..beta.. chains constitute three distinct patterns ofmore » DR4 haplotypes. These results suggest the prevalence of a DQW3 ..beta.. chain in the small sample of IDD patients studied. Studies of a large number of patients should clarify whether IDD is associated with unique variants of DR4 or DQW3 ..beta.. chains.« less
Intumescent cataract with ocular hypertony is a medicosurgical emergency. The purpose of our study is to define the clinical and therapeutic particularities of these cataracts.This retrospective study includes 40 consecutive patients with angle closure secondary to intumescent cataract. All patients were examined between 1st January 1998 and 30 October 2000.The patient population consisted of 28 women (70%) and 12 men ranging in age from 59 to 88 years (mean age: 78 years). Preoperative visual acuity was negative in 17% of cases and limited to light perception in 83% of cases. Ocular pressure varied from 25 to 68 mmHg. Patients underwent surgery one to 23 days after diagnosis. Surgical techniques consisted in extracapsular cataract extraction with (35%) and without (65%) intraocular lens. Preoperative complications were: vitreous loss in 20% of cases and expulsive haemorrhage in 2 cases (5%). Postoperative visual acuity improved in 70% of cases. COMMENT AND CONCLUSION: Intumescent cataract with ocular overpressure gives therapeutic problems, which can be prevented by a preoperative hypotony. Functional results of this study encouraged us to operate the intumescent cataract even if visual acuity is bad.
Le hérisson d’Europe (Erinaceus europaeus), appelé également hérisson commun ou hérisson européen, est présent dans les zones rurales, urbaines et suburbaines. Comme tous les animaux, les hérissons sont exposés à l'infestation par de nombreux ectoparasites et endoparasites qui, pour certains d'entre eux, sont encore mal étudiés. Dans cette revue, les auteurs présentent les infestations du hérisson par deux nématodes parasites respiratoires, à savoir Eucoleus aerophilus et Crenosoma striatum, en détaillant leurs signes cliniques, leur diagnostic et les options de traitement. La capillariose et la crénosomose entraînent une perte de poids, une bronchite et des lésions pulmonaires, voire la mort de l'animal dans les cas les plus graves. Le diagnostic parasitologique de ces deux infestations repose sur la mise en évidence des œufs et/ou larves de stade 1 dans les fèces des hérissons. Le traitement de la pneumonie parasitaire du hérisson consiste principalement en l'administration d'anthelminthiques tels que le lévamisole et les benzimidazoles. Une meilleure analyse des risques d'infestation par les parasites respiratoires permettrait de réduire leur impact sur la santé et le bien-être des hérissons, grâce à un dépistage et un diagnostic améliorés et en limitant la dissémination de ces parasites dans l'environnement.
