Brown planthopper ( Nilaparvata lugens Stål, BPH) is one of the most destructive pests of rice. Non-coding RNA plays an important regulatory role in various biological processes. However, comprehensive identification and characterization of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in BPH-infested rice have not been performed. Here, we performed a genome-wide analysis of lncRNAs and circRNAs in BPH6 -transgenic (resistant, BPH6G) and Nipponbare (susceptible, NIP) rice plants before and after BPH feeding (early and late stage) via deep RNA-sequencing. A total of 310 lncRNAs and 129 circRNAs were found to be differentially expressed. To reveal the different responses of resistant and susceptible rice to BPH herbivory, the potential functions of these lncRNAs and circRNAs as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) were predicted and investigated using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses. Dual-luciferase reporter assays revealed that miR1846c and miR530 were targeted by the lncRNAs XLOC_042442 and XLOC_028297, respectively. In responsive to BPH infestation, 39 lncRNAs and 21 circRNAs were predicted to combine with 133 common miRNAs and compete for miRNA binding sites with 834 mRNAs. These mRNAs predictably participated in cell wall organization or biogenesis, developmental growth, single-organism cellular process, and the response to stress. This study comprehensively identified and characterized lncRNAs and circRNAs, and integrated their potential ceRNA functions, to reveal the rice BPH-resistance network. These results lay a foundation for further study on the functions of lncRNAs and circRNAs in the rice-BPH interaction, and enriched our understanding of the BPH-resistance response in rice.
RH (Rathu Heenati), an indica rice cultivar from Sri Lanka, is highly resistant to several different biotypes of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål, BPH). In contrast, another indica rice cultivar, TN1 (Taichung Native 1), is highly susceptible to all biotypes of BPH. To reveal the molecular biological mechanism of biotic and abiotic stress mediated by BPH suction in two rice cultivars, RH and TN1, the genome-wide gene expressional profiling of these two rice varieties at 6 h after BPH infestation and needle puncturing was conducted by performing transcriptome analysis. In total, six samples (T6C, T6N, T6B, R6C, R6N, and R6B) were collected after performing different treatments for this expressional analysis. The results provide important information for the further isolation of BPH-resistance genes from RH as well as research on the mechanism of BPH resistance in RH. The transcriptome results revealed that TN1 (a BPH-susceptible rice variety) and RH (a BPH-resistant rice variety) harbor different pathways that respond to the physical injury of acupuncture and BPH infestation. The susceptible variety TN1 is more sensitive to the physical damage caused by acupuncture, whereas in the resistant variety RH, the response to insect damage is more rapid and direct. By comparing the gene changes of various plant hormones between the two varieties under different stresses, it was found that, in addition to the traditional SA and ET pathways related to the feeding induction of piercing-sucking pests, the expression patterns of JAZ-related genes in the JA signaling pathway also changed under two stresses (acupuncture induction and brown planthopper feeding induction), while the IAA hormone pathway-related genes in the susceptible variety TN1 also changed significantly after brown planthopper feeding. Furthermore, the results of this study help us to understand the biological process of rice responses to BPH and provide a promising direction to identify BPH-resistance-related genes in RH.
Insect pests and weeds are the two major biotic factors affecting crop yield in the modern agricultural system. In this study, a brown planthopper (BPH) resistance gene (BPH9) and glufosinate tolerance gene (bar) were stacked into a single T-DNA cassette and transformed into an indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) line H23. The present study employed a gene stacking process that combines more than one gene/trait into an individual transgenic plant to meet the increasing cropping demands under complex conditions. The transgenic rice H23 (H23R) co-expressing bar and BPH9 genes demonstrated both glufosinate tolerance and BPH resistance. We utilized transcriptome data to reveal the mechanism of BPH9-mediated brown planthopper resistance and to analyze the impact of exogenous transgenic fragments on upstream and downstream genes at insertion sites. The evaluation of insect resistance and glufosinate tolerance confirmed H23R as an excellent double-resistant transgenic rice. These findings indicate that H23R can satisfy insect management and weed control in the modern rice agricultural system. However, a deregulation study will help with prospective commercial planting.
Additional file 6. Table S5. List of KEGG and Gowinda terms of gACR-specific associated genes and up-regulated genes in diploid and autotetraploid rice.
According to the characteristics of male and female parents of W-Liang-You 3418,and the climate of Hubei province and the experiment of seed production,the key point of seed productin of W-Liang-You 3418 was summarized:choosing suit seed production base,arranging the best flowering stage and seeding time interval of the male and female par-ents,raising strong seedling by sparse planting,fertilizing enough base manure,planning resonable density and planting e-nough seedling,fertilizing early and enough for tillerring stage,constructing high yield group,forecasting and regulating flowering stage pricisely,spraying 920,harvesting in time,strictly controlling the seed quality.
Background.The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is a very destructive pest that poses a major threat to rice plants worldwide.BPH and rice have developed complex feeding and defense strategies in the long-term co-evolution. Methods.To explore the molecular mechanism of BPH's adaptation to resistant rice varieties, the lncRNA expression profiles of two virulent BPH populations were analyzed.The RNA-seq method was used to obtain the lncRNA expression data in TN1 and YHY15.Results.In total, 3112 highly reliable lncRNAs in TN1 and YHY15 were identified.Compared to the expression profiles between TN1 and YHY15, 157 differentially expressed lncRNAs, and 675 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified.Further analysis of the possible regulation relationships between differentially expressed lncRNAs and differentially expressed mRNAs, identified 3 pair antisense targets, 9 pair cis-regulation targets, and 3972 pair co-expressed targets.Function enriched found arginine and proline metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and carbon metabolism categories may significantly affect the adaptability in BPH when it is exposed to susceptible and resistant rice varieties.Altogether, it provided scientific data for the study of lncRNA regulation of brown planthopper resistance to rice.These results are helpful in the development of new control strategies for host defense against BPH and breeding rice for high yield.
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