The X-ray crystal structures of tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)germane(IV) and two donor-base-stabilized (tris(trimethylsilyl)germyl)lithium derivatives have been determined at 153 K; the latter show the first germanium−lithium bonds (2.666(6), 2.653(9) Å, respectively) characterized by X-ray structure analysis.
More examples of positive and negative outcomes of community-based conservation initiatives aimed at benefit sharing are surfacing globally, and there is increasing interest in who wins and who loses at multiple scales. However, the term "benefit sharing" is not well defined in the context of protected areas, hindering the effective implementation thereof. We define benefit sharing as the process of making informed and fair trade-offs between social, economic, and ecological costs and benefits within and between stakeholder groups, and between stakeholders and the natural environment. We explore identifying appropriate benefits in certain contexts and monitoring benefit sharing initiatives using relevant qualitative and quantitative indicators. Finally, we use an illustrative case study of mopane worm harvesting from the Kruger National Park in South Africa to explore how benefit sharing as defined in the article can be implemented using a strategic adaptive management approach during the planning, assessment, and reporting phases.
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Two dianionic caps, linked by four lithium atoms, characterize the structure of the Li salt 1 of the tripodal ligand [S(NtBu)3]2−. On addition of THF to 1 one lithium atom leaves the inner region and coordinates to only two N atoms and a THF molecule. Oxidation of white 1 with O2 or iodine leads to a dark blue, stable radical monoanion.
Als doppelte π‐Donor‐Acceptor‐Bindung läßt sich die Sn‐C‐Doppelbindung im Stannaketenimin 1 wohl am besten beschreiben. Dies folgt aus der röntgenographisch ermittelten gewinkelten Struktur, die eine Analogie von 1 zum Distamen 2 aufzeigt. 1 dissoziiert relativ leicht (δ H ° ≈︁30 kJmol‐ −1 δ S ° ≈︁ 90 JK −1 mol −1 ), so daß es sich in Reaktionen wie R 2 Sn: und: CNR 1 ′ verhält. R = 2,4,6‐(CF 3 ) 3 C 6 H 2 , R 1 = 2,4,6‐(CH 3 ) 3 C 6 H 2 , R′ = (Me 3 Si) 2 CH. magnified image
The structure of the title compound, [SnBrCl(CH 3 )(C 14 H 31 O 6 P 2 )], is reported. As a result of an Sn-O interaction, dimers are formed in the crystal. The bridging O atom is almost linearly coordinated
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