En règle générale, la linguistique de corpus repose sur des sources textuelles et vise l’analyse d’instances représentatives de la langue orale ou écrite. Toutefois, le rôle des ressources non verbales et multimodales y est crucial, car ces dernières contribuent considérablement aux processus de création de sens, tant dans le cas de la communication directe que dans celui de la communication médiée. Ce rôle est d’autant plus essentiel pour les études en interprétation, où les transcriptions des interactions médiées ne peuvent refléter qu’une partie des échanges communicationnels. Des projets comme EPIC (European Parliament Interpreting Corpus) tentent donc d’inclure des ressources multimodales dans leur corpus (p. ex. les informations extralinguistiques, la vidéo et les enregistrements audios) et définissent de nouvelles bases pour les corpus d’interprétation conçus ultérieurement. Nous aborderons ici les développements de cet ordre et donnerons trois autres exemples de tels corpus : DIRSI (Directionality in Simultaneous Interpreting), EPTIC (European Parliament Translation and Interpreting Corpus), le corpus et la plateforme Anglintrad. Ces ressources linguistiques tirent de nouveaux avantages de la multimodalité et offrent des ressources textuelles et multimédias indépendantes ou alignées. Ces exemples montrent l’importance de conserver des formats et des structures souples lorsque l’on crée un corpus d’interprétations, de façon que les ressources ainsi constituées puissent faire progresser les études en interprétation au-delà d’un niveau strictement textuel.
Aquest article fa una revisio dels projectes de recerca realitzats en el passat i en el present dins del camp dels Estudis d'Interpretacio basats en Corpus (EIC). S'analitzen breument els obstacles generals que apareixen en la creacio de corpora electronics destinats a l’estudi de la interpretacio. Es subratllen tambe les principals raons per les quals el desenvolupament dels Estudis d'Interpretacio basats en Corpus es troba encara en un estat menys avancat que el dels Estudis de Traduccio basats en Corpus (ETC). Allo que es pot aprendre de les experiencies passades i presents en el desenvolupament de corpora d'interpretacio pot suggerir maneres de salvar gradualment l'escull actual entre EIC i ETC.
Abstract In the plenary sittings of the European Parliament ( EP ), institutional discourse is regulated by pre-established procedures and multilingualism is guaranteed thanks to simultaneous interpreting into each official EU language. In this setting, political leaders speak in their native language when addressing other Members of the EP and are allowed to hold the floor for a specific amount of time. What happens when such rules and procedures are disrupted? This study analyses a particular breach of protocol, which triggered a number of reactions at different levels of re-contextualisation. These are discussed by considering both the micro- and the macro-context, including the interpreters’ output in 21 different languages along with the official verbatim report of proceedings and its translation into English. The results point to variability in terms of editing standards in the verbatim reports and professional practices among the interpreting booths, with potential differences in accessibility by target recipients.
Simultaneous interpreting is a complex cognitive activity that can be influenced by several factors, including source speech features (e.g., delivery rate), contextual variables, working languages, and directionality (e.g., interpreting from/into one’s native or foreign language), among others. Owing to the time constraints inherent in this interpreting mode, simultaneous interpreters must make swift decisions on how to best deliver the original message into the target language. Although explicitation is considered a universal feature of translation and interpreting, it is also true that part of (redundant) information is eventually omitted. In fact, as opposed to translated texts, interpreting corpora show a general trend of interpreted speeches being shorter than source speeches (in terms of number of words). However, a closer look at the Directionality in Simultaneous Interpreting Corpus (DIRSI) partially disconfirms such a general trend. The DIRSI corpus consists of three medical conferences mediated by simultaneous interpreters (English/Italian). Each conference is analyzed in terms of speech length to ascertain to what extent directionality and speech event type may have an impact on the interpreters’ output. Results show that directionality cannot always be linked to target speech expansion, whereas the type of speech event is likely to play a role. In particular, this applies to the interpretation of source speeches under 500 words, as interpreters adopt optimization strategies to manage politeness, source speech ungrammaticality, and integrate contextual cues.