Hand gesture recognition is a topic in artificial intelligence and computer vision with the goal to automatically interpret human hand gestures via some algorithms. Notice that it is a difficult classification task for which only one simple classifier cannot achieve satisfactory performance; several classifier combination techniques are employed in this paper to handle this specific problem. Based on some related data at hand, AdaBoost and rotation forest are seen to behave significantly better than all the other considered algorithms, especially a classification tree. By investigating the bias‐variance decompositions of error for all the compared algorithms, the success of AdaBoost and rotation forest can be attributed to the fact that each of them simultaneously reduces the bias and variance terms of a SingleTree′s error to a large extent. Meanwhile, kappa‐error diagrams are utilized to study the diversity‐accuracy patterns of the constructed ensemble classifiers in a visual manner.
Intensive pig production in the developing economies including China is growing rapidly to meetthe increased demand for animal protein. Animals in intensive farming system are overcrowdeddue to use of the existing limited infrastructure and management systems, resulting in negativelyimpacts on their behavior, welfare, health and productivity. This paper discusses the issues ofenvironment, behavior and health of animals during the productions of weanling and finishingpigs. Abnormal behaviors as the result of stress of the weaned piglets responded to their newenvironment are described. Fighting among weaners are mainly happened during the first severalhours after mixing, and gradually declined and ceased by the end of second day. Suggestions areproposed to reduce fighting and stress among the weaners in this paper. High temperature, highhumidity and poor air quality in animal houses are key factors limiting the growth of finishingpigs in tropical and sub-tropical areas. The conditions within the house have strong effect onanimal behavior, feed efficiency, disease and productivity. It resulted from overstocking, largegroup size, poor ventilation and poor waste management. It is suggested that a suitable stockingdensity and maintaining a good air quality are important to improve health of weanling andfinishing pigs and thus pork production.
This paper bases on panel data from 30 provinces and municipalities in China spanning the period of 2010 to 2021 to examine the evolving mechanisms and influencing factors of agricultural product circulation efficiency in the provinces along the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) within the context of green total factor productivity (TFP). The study research employs various methodologies including the SBM-DDF model, GML index, system GMM, and global Moran's I index. The findings are as follows: Initially, the provinces along the BRI exhibit an overall negative growth trend in the green TFP of agricultural product circulation, with a noticeable decline observed particularly after the initiation of the BRI in 2014. Secondly, foreign investment levels significantly contribute to the positive enhancement of green TFP in agricultural product circulation among the provinces along the BRI. Eventually, environmental regulations, government support, and the level of international trade in agricultural products exert significant negative impacts. Thirdly, the results of spatial effect tests reveal substantial spatial spillover effects in the green TFP of agricultural product circulation among the provinces along the BRI, as demonstrated through examinations utilizing three distinct spatial matrices.
Many countries, including China, have implemented the spatial government policy widely known as urban growth boundary (UGB) for managing future urban growth. However, few studies have asked why we need UGB, especially pre-evaluating the utility of UGB for reshaping the future spatial patterns of cities. In this research, we proposed a constrained urban growth simulation model (CUGSM) which coupled Markov chain (MC), random forest (RF), and patch growth based cellular automata (Patch-CA) to simulate urban growth. The regulatory effect of UGB was coupled with CUGSM based on a random probability game method. Guangzhou city, a metropolitan area located in the Peral River Delta of China, was taken as a case study. Historical urban growth from 1995 to 2005 and random forests were used to calibrate the conversion rules of Patch-CA, and the urban patterns simulated and observed in 2015 were used to identify the simulation accuracy. The results showed that the Kappa and figure of merit (FOM) indices of the unconstrained Patch-CA were just 0.7914 and 0.1930, respectively, which indicated that the actual urban growth was reshaped by some force beyond what Patch-CA has learned. We further compared the simulation scenarios in 2035 with and without considering the UGB constraint, and the difference between them is as high as 21.14%, which demonstrates that UGB plays an important role in the spatial reshaping of future urban growth. Specifically, the newly added urban land outside the UGB has decreased from 25.13% to 16.86% after considering the UGB constraint; particularly, the occupation of agricultural space and ecological space has been dramatically reduced. This research has demonstrated that the utility of UGB for reshaping future urban growth is pronounced, and it is necessary for the Chinese government to further strengthen UGB policy to promote sustainable urban growth.
Based on the sensitive character of light sensor, the paper applied the median filtering algorithm which was used for two-dimensional image process on the filtering of one-dimensional sensor signal and improved the algorithm with adding a determine step about heavy interference signal. The research showed that the miss-rate and the false-rate of improved median filtering algorithm are 0 and the deviate-rate decent to 0.2% from 5.1% in classic median filtering algorithm. Therefore, the improved median filtering algorithm can not only contain the advantages of classic median filtering algorithm, but also filter the heavy interference signal efficiently. The algorithm was better in eliminating the noise and keeping the real signal.
Abstract In view of the quality and safety problems caused by environmental factors during equipment transportation, a condition monitoring system for equipment transportation process is designed based on STM32. The system combines the positioning module, motion acquisition module, clock module and storage module to collect, screen and store the motion parameters of the equipment during transportation in real time, and collect the position parameters at a fixed time. The system uses the weighted D-S evidence theory to conduct multi data fusion processing for the stored motion parameters, comprehensively evaluate the transportation status of the equipment during transportation, and the GSM communication module sends the results of multi data fusion processing in real time to reduce the amount of data communication. The simulation experiment results show that the system can realize real-time monitoring and storage of effective motion parameters of equipment during transportation, and effectively save storage space; Multi data fusion algorithm is used to comprehensively evaluate the status of the whole process of equipment transportation and communicate in real time.
Epoxy resin is one of the most widely used thermosetting polymers and commonly applied in power electronics field. The intrinsic properties of epoxy can be improved by the introduction of inorganic filler, thus fabricating a composite material. In this paper, different scales of modified boron nitride (BN, 1 μm, 10 μm) were used to improve the thermal conductivity of epoxy resin. The surfaces BN were modification by a silane coupling agent to improve the compatibility between BN and epoxy resin. The effects of micro-and nano-BN sheets on the microstructure, breakdown strength, thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy resin composite were studied. The characterization of its morphology by scanning electron microscopy shows that nano-BN distribution is in the middle of micro-BN, forming a better bridging effect. The data of the breakdown strength and thermal conductivity indicated that when the content of micro-BN is 30 wt% and nano-BN is 20 wt%, the thermal conductivity of BN/epoxy composite was 1.52 W/m·K. In addition, the breakdown strength is 77.1 kV/mm. Thus, this type of BN-filled BN/EP composites with remarkable insulation and thermal conductivity properties would have potential for power engineering materials.
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