A novel integrated optical electric field sensor especial for sub-nanosecond intense electromagnetic pulse measurement is designed and analyzed considering multi-physics coupling condition in COMSOL software. Sensor element combined tapered antenna and electrode is analyzed in XFDTD software. The model is verified by setting maximum mesh size based on the restriction in electromagnetic wave vector. The multi-physics coupling method is proposed. Simulation results verify the sensor measurement range can reach 1000kV/m with good linearity. R-square of the fitting curve of the 1000 kV/m measurement range is 0.9946. Frequency response is analyzed utilizing the time domain response result of the element in XFDTD and waveguide in COMSOL. The frequency response of the sensor ranges from 1 GHz to 20 GHz with less than 3 dB deviation.
Dual-head PET can simply and flexibilly adjust its architecture to fit the size of the imaging object, making it great potential for simultaneous multi-modality molecular imaging. In this paper, we proposed conceptally dual-modality imaging system of distance-adjustable dual-head PET and Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI), and implemented a CLI guided selective-reconstruction method. In the selective-reconstruction, we reconstructed the information inside a predefined region of interest using a fine voxel, whereas reconstructed other regions using a coarse voxel. We used CLI data as a priori information to outline the predefined region of interest. Simultaneously, for reducing the computaion burden, an attenuation map with a coarse voxel size was used for the attenuation correction. We demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed method with Monte Carlo based simulations by reconstructing phantom consisted of two hot rods. Experiment results show that an most improved efficiency over 70 times speedup with an MSE of 5.2235.
The design and development of the distribution automation terminal based on the modular configuration design is mainly to design the distribution automation terminal hardware according to the different functional requirements as independent hardware modules. The module can be any combination of rail installation, Module installation is no longer due to the traditional chassis structure of the distribution automation terminal due to the size of the chassis and the limited number of slots resulting in limited expansion, so the module type and quantity can be configured according to project requirements; The modules communicate with each other through a full-duplex high-speed bus based on the fast preemption mechanism of channel collision detection and the modules are plug-and-play. This paper mainly researches and expatiate the distribution automation terminal based on the modular configuration design from the aspects of hardware module classification and structure design, high-speed bus interface and communication mechanism design, module adaptive access design and so on, mainly including high-speed bus control technology , High-speed bus resource preemption based on collision detection, plug-and-play technology based on adaptive access, and other technical contents.
Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of empagliflozin (EM) on renal injury in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal control (NC) group, a T2DM group, and an EM group, with 6 rats in each group. T2DM models were established by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in the T2DM and EM groups. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and body mass of rats in each group were recorded. The EM group received EM solution through intragastric administration, while the other two groups were given an equivalent volume of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution through intragastric administration for 12 weeks. After the body mass and FBG levels were recorded, the rats were sacrificed and blood samples from the abdominal aorta and kidney tissues were collected. Serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer. Masson, PAS and HE staining were used to assess histological changes in the kidneys, and a transmission electron microscopy was used to observe ultrastructural changes. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression and distribution of exchange protein 1 directly activated by cAMP(Epac1), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18 in renal tissue of rats. Results Compared with the NC group, the rats in T2DM group showed a decrease in body mass, a significant increase in the levels of FBG, Scr, BUN, UA, TC, and TG, thickened glomerular basement membrane, foot process fusion of podocytes, disordered cell arrangement and loss of endothelial cell fenestrations. The expression level of Epac1 decreased, while the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18 significantly increased. Compared with the T2DM group, the rats in the EM group showed an increase in body mass, significantly decreased levels of FBG, Scr, BUN, UA, TC, and TG, reduced renal injury, increased expression level of Epac1, and significantly decreased expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18. Conclusion EM can improve renal injury in T2DM rats by up-regulating Epac1 expression to inhibit inflammatory response.
Service sectors are exhibiting increasing importance in domestic economy and service trade attracted more attentions.China and India, as the top emerging economies, are similar in many dimensions, such as population base, social environment, economic policies, and national development strategies.Therefore, their trade in services are comparable.In this paper we used the global service trade data to calculate and compare the technical complexity of service exports between China and India to get some insights for fixing China's problem of export structure and long-term deficit.We selected the data of 34 countries/regions as sample which represented more than 84% of the world's total trade in services from 2005 to 2016, and calculated the technical complexity of China and India's service exports.We established a regression model to discuss the impact factors.The results indicated that the complexity of India's service export technology surpassed China in 2005-2015, and in 2016, China overcame India.The level of economic development and higher education level had a significant positive impact on the complexity of China's service export technology.While the impact of FDI, quality of governance was not significant, the impact of service trade openness and the effect of R&D investment was uncertain.
Random Pulse Width Modulation (RPWM) allows controlling the switching signal of power converters in order to reduce the harmonic peaks by spreading the noise spectrum. Currently, many manufacturers of power converters are deploying this modulation scheme in order to comply with Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) test requirements. However, when the converters coexist with Power Line Communication (PLC) systems, such as in Smart Grid (SG) applications, resorting to RPWM needs further investigations since it potentially affects the communication channel by increasing the bit error rate. This possible detrimental effect is investigated in this work, by considering a PLC system for automatic meter reading (AMR) implemented in a SG application. To this end, the model of a complete PLC system is implemented in SIMULINK, and Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation is used to model the PLC modems in the communication channel. Results show that, even if the deployment of RPWM techniques may lead to an appreciable reduction/spreading of the peaks in the noise spectrum, it may also lead to an increase of the bit error rate on the PLC system.
Abstract The article uses the product-level and industry-level data to empirically test the relationship between China’s import of wood forest products and the pollution discharge of forest products industry from 2003 to 2015. The results of the benchmark model show that the import of wood forest products has a significant role in reducing the pollution emission of forest products industry. Furthermore, taking the total factor productivity as the intermediary variable, it is found that the import of wood forest products can improve the total factor productivity, thus promoting the pollution emission reduction of forest products industry. In addition, from the perspective of different factor intensive products, the empirical results show that the capital and technology intensive and the labor-intensive have different positive effects on pollution reduction through the improvement of total factor productivity.
Supernumerary teats are commonly found in sheep. To investigate the expression levels of hormone receptors in supernumerary teats of Hu sheep, mammary tissue samples were collected from two groups of Hu sheep, four- and two-teat sheep, during adolescent (A), pregnancy (P), lactation (L), and non-pregnancy (N). Using hematoxylin and eosin staining, we found that mammary alveoli were denser in the four-teat sheep than in the two-teat sheep during P and L. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect the expression patterns and relative protein expression levels of the estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), prolactin receptor (PRLR), growth hormone receptor (GHR), and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) in Hu sheep mammary glands during the four periods. All four receptors were mainly expressed in mammary epithelial cells and adipose cells. Furthermore, the expression levels of PRLR and GHR in the four-teat sheep were significantly higher than those in the two-teat sheep during P and L. Our data suggest that four-teat sheep have more developed mammary gland tissue compared with two-teat sheep.
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