To study the mineralization capacity in vitro of the bioceramic endodontic material MTA HP Repair.Bioactivity evaluation in vitro was carried out, by soaking processed cement disk in simulated body fluid (SBF) during 168 h. The cement surface was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Release to the SBF media of ionic degradation products was monitored using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).FT-IR showed increasing formation of phosphate phase bands at 1097, 960, 607 and 570 cm-1 with prolonged SBF soaking. FEG-SEM analysis reveals that HP produces a effectively surface covering consisting in homogeneous spherical phosphate phase aggregates with an average diameter of 0.5-1.0 µm. EDX analysis comparing un-treated (hydrated), 24 h and 72 h SBF treated surfaces of MTA HP Repair revealed phosphate deposition after 24 h, with high phosphorous/silicon element ratio signal measured after 24 h, indicating a very high phosphate phase deposition for this material.The study shows that MTA HP Repair produces a quick and effective bioactive response in vitro in terms of crystalline calcium phosphate surface coating formation. The high bioactive response of MTA HP Repair makes it an interesting candidate for endodontic use as repair cement. Key words:Bioactive endodontic cements, bioactive response, MTA HP Repair.
Purpose: The objective of this study is to perform a plan evaluation using Californium-252 neutron brachytherapy for the treatment of malignant gliomas and compare the neutron brachytherapy planning with photon Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) therapy planning. Materials/Methods: After a phase I trial of neutron brachytherapy (Cf-252 implant) for the treatment of malignant gliomas, there is renewed interest to evaluate the effectiveness of radiation therapy using neutron brachytherapy compared with SRS. Here we performed a dosimetric comparison of two treatment plans based on the same patient using equivalent prescribed dose. Isodose lines and dose volume histogram of brain tumor and adjacent critical structures were used for plan evaluation. Dose of neutron brachytherapy was calculated using CT-converted Monte Carlo model and simulated by Monte Carlo code (MCNPX V2.5). The tissue component of Monte Carlo model was adapted from the sectioned images of human cadavers of the Visible Human Project of NLM. Dose of SRS plan was calculated using BrainLab iPlan. A relative biological effectiveness of 6 was used to determine the neutron equivalent dose (ncGy) for central nervous system (CNS) tissues. An equivalent dose of 6000 cGy was prescribed for both plans respectively. Results: The targets were covered by the 95% prescribed dose to 95% tumor volume in both SRS and neutron brachytherapy plans. Comparing the SRS and Cf-252 neutron brachytherapy, the mean dose was 6100 cGy and 6708 ncGy for target, 312 cGy and 177 ncGy for brainstem, 732 cGy and 311 cGy for chiasm, 255 cGy and 275 ncGy for pituitary, and 504 cGy and 420 ncGy for brain, respectively. Conclusions: Cf-252 Brachytherapy provided conformai dose distribution to the brain tumor and reduced the dose to the surrounding critical organs compared to SRS. The implanted Cf-252 source provides high dose to brain tumor and reduces the radiation exposure of normal brain.
Hybrid materials based on calcium phosphates and synthetic polymers can potentially be used for caries protection due to their similarity to hard tissues in terms of composition, structure and a number of properties. This study is focused on the biomimetic synthesis of hybrid materials consisting of hydroxiapatite and the zwitterionic polymers polysulfobetaine (PSB) and polycarboxybetaine (PCB) using controlled media conditions with a constant pH of 8.0–8.2 and Ca/P = 1.67. The results show that pH control is a dominant factor in the crystal phase formation, so nano-crystalline hydroxyapatite with a Ca/P ratio of 1.63–1.71 was observed as the mineral phase in all the materials prepared. The final polymer content measured for the synthesized hybrid materials was 48–52%. The polymer type affects the final microstructure, and the mineral particle size is thinner and smaller in the synthesis performed using PCB than using PSB. The final intermolecular interaction of the nano-crystallized hydroxyapatite was demonstrated to be stronger with PCB than with PSB as shown by our IR and Raman spectroscopy analyses. The higher remineralization potential of the PCB-containing synthesized material was demonstrated by in vitro testing using artificial saliva.