Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) usually happens five to ten years following a womans menopause, and some women over 50 in China suffer from PMOP. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and aerobics combined with resistance training are the two promising osteoporosis interventions, but few studies have compared their efficacy. The mechanisms by which exercise treatment and hormone replacement therapy affect bone mineral density (BMD) are examined in this review and other health parameters in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients. As studied in this paper, estrogen improves osteoporosis. However, risks such as venous thromboembolism limit the long-term use of HRT. In terms of exercise therapy, a direct comparison of aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercise and HRT showed that supervised exercise improved BMD more than HRT and that exercise also boosted metabolism and avoided the risks of HRT. In conclusion, aerobic and resistance training provides a safer alternative to HRT for managing postmenopausal osteoporosis, and further studies should optimize exercise regimens.
With a large number of the Chinese students in the United States to pursue the higher education every year, the study of how these students adapt to a new culture has become a hot topic. This paper focuses on cultural influence to the Chinese students’ intercultural adaptation in the United States of America. Therefore, the paper examines the cultural influences from cultural values and cultural conflicts of the two vivid cases that happened with the author’s son studying in the United States, and indicates that the cultural influence can play an important role in intercultural adaptation. In addition, the paper discusses some new suggestions including intercultural training programs for how to improve the Chinese students’ intercultural communication competence and make them overcome culture shock, understand the cultural valves, know how to manage cultural conflicts and adapt to the American culture and society. Key words : Intercultural adaptation; Intercultural communication competence; Cultural shock; Cultural influence; Cultural value; Cultural conflict
The author only takes Business English teaching in his Higher Vocational College for example and analyses the problems of Business English teaching which lack in the curriculum characteristics, dual-qualified teachers and different teaching platforms. However, the author faces these problems and proposes some suggestions of strengthening practical teaching, setting up E-learning platform and participating practice teaching activities, so as to change the current situation of the Business English teaching and educate the students with practical business skills for the social needs.
An international tour is a channel of intercultural communication. People from different cultural setting can easily communicate with each other and understand each other, so as to improve friendship and build up a good image of a nation. Therefore, tourists’ behaviors are an important factor in intercultural communication. Due to this reason, the author takes some cases which happened with Chinese people in recent years as an example, and then further analyzes the cases from a perspective of intercultural communication. Finally, the author gives some suggestions about how to improve Chinese behavior in international tour such as educating Chinese tourists’ awareness of civilized manners, learning some fundamental cultural knowledge of different countries and training etiquette skills for Chinese international tour. In this way, well-educated and civilized Chinese tourists would really promote a good image of Chinese people and nation in the world.
Abstract Background The increasing incidence of precocious puberty is a major health challenge for Chinese children, while related risk factors remain less well explored. Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is a leading environmental hazard in China. Although certain components of PM 2.5 have been reported to be endocrine disruptors for sex hormones, population-based evidence is still lacking on the association between PM 2.5 exposure and precocious puberty in China. Objective Based on a cross-sectional survey covering 30 cities in 2017 to 2019, this study was designed to explore the association between long-term exposure to PM 2.5 and its 5 major components with precocious puberty in China and to check the potential modifying effects of family-related and personal factors. Methods We included 34,105 children aged 6 to 9 years. We collected the 5-year average concentrations of PM 2.5 and its 5 major components (sulfate , nitrate , ammonium , organic matter, and black carbon) in the area (at a spatial resolution of 0.1° × 0.1°) where each school was located. We used mixed effect logistic regression to estimate the effect sizes of the total mass of PM 2.5 and each of its components on precocious puberty, and we examined the modifying effects of family-related and personal factors using an additional interactive term. A weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression model was applied to identify the weights of each component in explaining the effect size of the total mass of PM 2.5 . Results We found that the odds ratio (OR) for precocious puberty per IQR increase in the concentration of total PM 2.5 mass was 1.27 (95% CI 0.92-1.75) for the whole population, 2.12 (95% CI 1.27-3.55) for girls, and 0.90 (95% CI 0.62-1.30) for boys. Similarly, the effect sizes of the 5 major components were all substantial for girls but minimal for boys. Results of the WQS analysis showed that organic matter could explain the highest proportion of the effect of PM 2.5 , with the weight of its contribution being 0.71. Modification effects of family income and dietary habits were only observed in certain population subgroups. Conclusions Long-term exposure to total PM 2.5 mass was significantly associated with precocious puberty in girls, with organic matter identified as the major effect contributor. The results add evidence on the detrimental effects of PM 2.5 on children’s development and growth.
The dependence of distributed generation (DG) outputs and load plays an essential role in renewable energy accommodation. This paper presents a modeling method that captures complex dependent structures of solar radiation, wind speed, and loads. First, an advanced dependence modeling method called regular vine (R-vine) is applied to capture the complex dependence structure of solar radiation, wind speed, commercial loads, industrial loads, and residential loads. Then, a chance-constrained DGHC evaluation model is employed to figure out the maximum hosting capacity of each DG and its optimal allocation plan with different operational risks. The proposed approaches are validated using a set of historical data from China. Results show that the dependence among different DGs and loads has a significant impact on the hosting capacity. This finding provides useful advice for distribution networks in installing renewable energy generations.
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(23.036 .093 25.536)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(45.87 1.273 16.18)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(69.945 .996 12.078)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(20.66 -19.689 31.932)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)