E. F. Krieg

Bayer (Germany)

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B. K. Nelson

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

W. Stephen Brightwell

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Ahmed Raza Khan

University of Engineering and Technology Lahore

A. M. Hoberman

Charles River Laboratories (United States)

Robert Dick

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

V. John Massari

Howard University

S.E. Willington

Research International (United States)

Kyle Steenland

Emory University

W Zájac

Gdańsk Medical University

Everett J. Lehman

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Cooperative Institutions

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

United States Department of Health and Human Services

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Howard University

Bayer (Germany)

University of Cincinnati

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

National Institutes of Health

Research International (United States)

Georgetown University

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Evaluation of the V79 cell metabolic co-operation assay as a screen in vitro for developmental toxicants

Toxicology in Vitro (1992)

Mark Toraason Jeffrey S. Bohrman E. F. Krieg Robert D. Combes S.E. Willington

In vitro toxicology

10.1016/0887-2333(92)90011-f

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Citations (8)

Developmental Toxicology Evaluation of 1-Pentanol, 1-Hexanol, and 2-Ethyl-1-Hexanol Administered by Inhalation to Rats

Journal of the American College of Toxicology (1989)

B. K. Nelson W. Stephen Brightwell Ahmed Raza Khan E. F. Krieg A. M. Hoberman

As part of a large study evaluating the developmental toxicology of industrial alcohols, groups of approximately 15 Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed for 7 h/day on gestation days 1–19 to one of three alcohols at the highest concentrations we could generate as a vapor. Since these concentrations were not sufficiently high to be toxic to the maternal rats, lower levels were not included. These concentrations were 14,000, 3500, and 850 mg/m 3 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, respectively. Dams were weighed daily for the first week of exposure and weekly thereafter and were sacrificed on day 20. Fetuses were serially removed, blotted dry, examined for external malformations, sexed, weighed, fixed, and examined for visceral or skeletal defects. Pentanol reduced maternal feed intake and weight gain, but there were no significant decreases in fetal weights. Resorptions were slightly increased in the group exposed to 1-hexanol, and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol reduced maternal feed intake, but neither hexanol derivative produced malformations. Obviously, teratogenicity by other routes of exposure cannot be ruled out, particularly in view of the low volatility of these alcohols. However, the present studies indicate that inhalation of pentanol, hexanol, or 2-ethyl-1-hexanol at the stated concentrations can produce limited maternal toxicity, but none was teratogenic to rats.

Developmental toxicity

Inhalation exposure

Hexanol

10.3109/10915818909019562

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Citations (30)

Effect of environmental temperature on the interactive developmental toxicity of radiofrequency radiation and 2-methoxyethanol in rats

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health (1998)

B. K. Nelson David L. Conover E. F. Krieg Diana L. Snyder Richard M. Edwards

10.1007/s004200050300

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Citations (3)

Neurobehavioral Effects from Acute Exposures to Methyl Isobutyl Ketone and Methyl Ethyl Ketone

Toxicological Sciences (1992)

Robert Dick E. F. Krieg James V. Setzer Bobby Taylor

Subjects were tested for neurobehavioral performance in an environmental chamber to detect the presence of subclinical central nervous system effects from 4-hr exposures to methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) at 100 ppm, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) at 200 ppm, MIBK at 50 ppm with MEK at 100 ppm, or a placebo (i.e., a 5-min presentation of 25 ppm MEK—MIBK at each exposure period outset). Subjects were 68 males and 75 females recruited from local universities; ages ranged from 18 to 32 years. Ethanol by ingestion (95% – 0.84 ml/kg) was used as a positive control. Five psychomotor tests (choice reaction time [CRT], simple reaction time [SRT], visual vigilance, dual task [auditory tone discrimination and tracking memory scanning), one sensorimotor test (postural sway), and a test of mood (profile of mood states) were used to measure neurobehavioral effects. Additionally, chemical measurements (blood and breath) and reports of sensory and irritant effects were measured. The chemical exposures produced statistically significant performance effects on only 4 of 32 measures (% correct responses-visual vigilance, movement time-CRT, SRT, % incorrect responses-dual task). These effects, however, were not substantial and could not be attributed directly to the chemical exposures. Alcohol ingestion, however, produced significant decrements on every performance test except memory scanning and mood. An interaction occurred between gender and alcohol ingestion, such that more statistically significant performance decrements were found for females than for males. Significant odor sensations and irritant effects were reported by the subjects during the chemical exposures. The MEK results agree with earlier MEK experiments at comparable exposure conditions, and the MIBK results are consistent with a recent Swedish study that used MIBK exposures and showed no significant behavioral performance decrements from single MIBK exposures at 50 ppm with 50 W exercise. Additionally, the MIBK—MEK combination exposure showed no evidence of any interaction effects on either the behavioral or chemical measurements. The principal effects resulting from exposures to MEK and MIBK at the durations and concentrations used in the study are limited to sensory and irritant effects.

Vigilance (psychology)

10.1093/toxsci/19.3.453

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Citations (2)

Behavioral teratology investigation of 1-butanol in rats

Neurotoxicology and Teratology (1989)

B. K. Nelson W. Stephen Brightwell Shirley K. Robertson Ahmed Raza Khan E. F. Krieg

Neurochemical

10.1016/0892-0362(89)90074-3

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Citations (25)

Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of fesomersen, a novel antisense inhibitor of factor XI, in healthy Chinese, Japanese, and Caucasian volunteers

Clinical and Translational Science (2024)

T Liu Kensei Hashizume E. F. Krieg Huijun Chen Yuki Mukaida

The inhibition of coagulation factor XI (FXI) presents an attractive approach for anticoagulation as it is not expected to increase the risk of clinically relevant bleeding and is anticipated to be at least as effective as currently available anticoagulants. Fesomersen is a conjugated antisense oligonucleotide that selectively inhibits the expression of FXI. The article describes three clinical studies that investigated the safety, pharmacokinetic (PK), and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of fesomersen after subcutaneous (s.c.) injection to healthy participants. The studies included participants from diverse ethnic backgrounds (Caucasian, Japanese, and Chinese). Fesomersen demonstrated good safety and tolerability in all three studies. No major bleeding events were observed. After single-dose s.c. injection, fesomersen was rapidly absorbed into the systemic circulation, with maximum fesomersen-equivalent (fesomersen-eq) concentrations (C

Pharmacodynamics

10.1111/cts.13784

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Citations (2)

Relaxation dynamics of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions perturbed by external tones. III. Response to a single tone at multiple suppression levels

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (1996)

William J. Murphy Arnold Tubis Carrick L. Talmadge Glenis R. Long E. F. Krieg

The relaxation dynamics of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) interacting with an external tone have been successfully described using a van der Pol limit cycle oscillator model [Murphy et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97, 3702–3710 (1995) and Murphy et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97, 3711–3720 (1995)]. Data were collected for an SOAE interacting with a single-frequency ipsilateral suppressor. Transitions between different suppressed states were achieved by adding or removing signal at the suppressor frequency. The relaxation dynamics of the van der Pol model provided a good fit to the data.

Tone (literature)

Pure tone

Dynamics

Otoacoustic emission

10.1121/1.417217

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Citations (14)

Evaluation of handle design characteristics in a maximum screwdriving torque task

Ergonomics (2007)

Yong‐Ku Kong Brian D. Lowe Soo‐Jin Lee E. F. Krieg

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of screwdriver handle shape, surface material and workpiece orientation on torque performance, finger force distribution and muscle activity in a maximum screwdriving torque task. Twelve male subjects performed maximum screw-tightening exertions using screwdriver handles with three longitudinal shapes (circular, hexagonal and triangular), four lateral shapes (cylindrical, double frustum, cone and reversed double frustum) and two surfaces (rubber and plastic). The average finger force contributions to the total hand force were 28.1%, 39.3%, 26.5% and 6.2%, in order from index to little fingers; the average phalangeal segment force contributions were 47.3%, 14.0%, 20.5% and 18.1% for distal, middle, proximal and metacarpal phalanges, respectively. The plastic surface handles were associated with 15% less torque output (4.86 Nm) than the rubber coated handles (5.73 Nm). In general, the vertical workpiece orientation was associated with higher torque output (5.9 Nm) than the horizontal orientation (4.69 Nm). Analysis of handle shapes indicates that screwdrivers designed with a circular or hexagonal cross-sectional shape result in greater torque outputs (5.49 Nm, 5.57 Nm), with less total finger force (95 N, 105 N). In terms of lateral shape, reversed double frustum handles were associated with less torque output (5.23 Nm) than the double frustum (5.44 Nm) and cone (5.37 Nm) handles. Screwdriver handles designed with combinations of circular or hexagonal cross-sectional shapes with double frustum and cone lateral shapes were optimal in this study.

Frustum

Cone (formal languages)

Cuboid

10.1080/00140130701393775

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Citations (46)

A Regression Model for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Experimental Biology and Medicine (1989)

Frank J. Winn E. F. Krieg

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a logistic regression model for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) could be developed. Forty-eight variables were initially identified, for the 28 CTS and 34 non-CTS subjects, including 28 measures of nerve function, 6 anatomical measurements, 8 variables relating to disease symptoms, and 6 variables relating to physical attributes. An a priori clustering procedure was used to establish groups for the principal components analyses. The first principal component of each cluster was then used in a backward, stepwise logistic regression analysis. The best combination of candidate variables, as identified by the regression equation, was Raynaud's symptoms and median nerve motor function. The results of this study indicate that a model for CTS can be generated from a set of variables and that a linear combination of variables representing nerve function is closely associated with conduction decrements resulting from CTS.

Stepwise regression

10.3181/00379727-192-42972

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Citations (7)

Developmental toxicology of industrial alcohols: A summary of 13 alcohols administered by inhalation to rats

B. K. Nelson W. Stephen Brightwell E. F. Krieg

Inhalation exposure

Source

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Citations (2)