Giacomo Rosati

University of Wrocław

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Giovanni Amelino-Camelia

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli

Giulia Gubitosi

University of Naples Federico II

Jerzy Kowalski-Glikman

University of Wrocław

Niccoló Loret

Rudjer Boskovic Institute

Flavio Mercati

Universidad de Burgos

Antonino Marcianò

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati

Domenico Frattulillo

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli

Giacomo D’Amico

University of Bergen

Giuseppe Fabiano

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli

Daniele Oriti

Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology

Cooperative Institutions

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso

Sorbonne Université

Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules

University of L'Aquila

Université Paris Cité

Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies

Institute for High Energy Physics

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Weakness of accelerator bounds on electron superluminality without a preferred frame

arXiv (Cornell University) (2011)

Giovanni Amelino-Camelia Giulia Gubitosi Niccoló Loret Flavio Mercati Giacomo Rosati

The reference laboratory bounds on superluminality of the electron are obtained from the absence of in-vacuo Cherenkov processes and the determinations of synchrotron radiated power for LEP electrons. It is usually assumed that these analyses establish the validity of a standard special-relativistic description of the electron with accuracy of at least a few parts in $10^{14}$, and in particular this is used to exclude electron superluminality with such an accuracy. We observe that these bounds rely crucially on the availability of a preferred frame. In-vacuo-Cherenkov processes are automatically forbidden in any theory with deformed Lorentz symmetry, relativistic theories that, while different from Special Relativity, preserve the relativity of inertial frames. Determinations of the synchrotron radiated power can be used to constrain the possibility of Lorentz-symmetry deformation, but provide rather weak bounds, which in particular for electron superluminality we establish to afford us no more constraining power than for an accuracy of a few parts in $10^4$. We argue that this observation can have only a limited role in the ongoing effort of analysis of the anomaly tentatively reported by the OPERA collaboration, but we stress that it could provide a valuable case study for assessing the limitations of indirect tests of fundamental laws of physics.

Special relativity

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Symmetries of quantum spacetime in three dimensions

Physical review. D/Physical review. D. (2016)

Francesco Cianfrani Jerzy Kowalski-Glikman Daniele Pranzetti Giacomo Rosati

By applying loop quantum gravity techniques to 3D gravity with a positive cosmological constant $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$, we show how the local gauge symmetry of the theory, encoded in the constraint algebra, acquires the quantum group structure of ${\mathfrak{so}}_{q}(4)$, with $q=\mathrm{exp}(i\ensuremath{\hbar}\sqrt{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}/2\ensuremath{\kappa})$. By means of an Inonu-Wigner contraction of the quantum group bi-algebra, keeping $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ finite, we obtain the kappa-Poincar\'e algebra of the flat quantum spacetime symmetries.

Quantum spacetime

Cosmological constant

Spacetime symmetries

10.1103/physrevd.94.084044

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Quantum gravity phenomenology at the dawn of the multi-messenger era -- A review.

arXiv (Cornell University) (2021)

Andrea Addazi J. Álvarez-Muñiz Rafael Alves Batista Giovanni Amelino-Camelia V. Antonelli

The exploration of the universe has recently entered a new era thanks to the multi-messenger paradigm, characterized by a continuous increase in the quantity and quality of experimental data that is obtained by the detection of the various cosmic messengers (photons, neutrinos, cosmic rays and gravitational waves) from numerous origins. They give us information about their sources in the universe and the properties of the intergalactic medium. Moreover, multi-messenger astronomy opens up the possibility to search for phenomenological signatures of quantum gravity. On the one hand, the most energetic events allow us to test our physical theories at energy regimes which are not directly accessible in accelerators; on the other hand, tiny effects in the propagation of very high energy particles could be amplified by cosmological distances. After decades of merely theoretical investigations, the possibility of obtaining phenomenological indications of Planck-scale effects is a revolutionary step in the quest for a quantum theory of gravity, but it requires cooperation between different communities of physicists (both theoretical and experimental). This review is aimed at promoting this cooperation by giving a state-of-the art account of the interdisciplinary expertise that is needed in the effective search of quantum gravity footprints in the production, propagation and detection of cosmic messengers.

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Quantum gravity phenomenology at the dawn of the multi-messenger era—A review

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics (2022)

Andrea Addazi J. Álvarez-Muñiz Rafael Alves Batista Giovanni Amelino-Camelia V. Antonelli

The exploration of the universe has recently entered a new era thanks to the multi-messenger paradigm, characterized by a continuous increase in the quantity and quality of experimental data that is obtained by the detection of the various cosmic messengers (photons, neutrinos, cosmic rays and gravitational waves) from numerous origins. They give us information about their sources in the universe and the properties of the intergalactic medium. Moreover, multi-messenger astronomy opens up the possibility to search for phenomenological signatures of quantum gravity. On the one hand, the most energetic events allow us to test our physical theories at energy regimes which are not directly accessible in accelerators; on the other hand, tiny effects in the propagation of very high energy particles could be amplified by cosmological distances. After decades of merely theoretical investigations, the possibility of obtaining phenomenological indications of Planck-scale effects is a revolutionary step in the quest for a quantum theory of gravity, but it requires cooperation between different communities of physicists (both theoretical and experimental). This review, prepared within the COST Action CA18108 "Quantum gravity phenomenology in the multi-messenger approach", is aimed at promoting this cooperation by giving a state-of-the art account of the interdisciplinary expertise that is needed in the effective search of quantum gravity footprints in the production, propagation and detection of cosmic messengers.

10.1016/j.ppnp.2022.103948

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Citations (308)

Covariant four dimensional differential calculus in κ-Minkowski

Physics Letters B (2022)

Giacomo Rosati

It is generally believed that it is not possible to have a four dimensional differential calculus in κ-Minkowski spacetime, with κ-Poincaré relativistic symmetries, covariant under (κ-deformed) Lorentz transformations. Thus, one usually introduces a fifth differential form, whose physical interpretation is still challenging, and defines a covariant five dimensional calculus. Nevertheless, the four dimensional calculus is at the basis of several works based on κ-Minkowski/κ-Poincaré framework that led to meaningful insights on its physical interpretation and phenomenological implications. We here revisit the argument against the covariance of the four dimensional calculus, and find that it depends crucially on an incomplete characterization of Lorentz transformations in this framework, which neglected a feature, still uncovered at the time, that turns out to be fundamental for the consistency of the relativistic framework: the noncommutativity of the Lorentz transformation parameters. This suggests to revise the notion of covariance to accommodate the action of the full infinitesimal Lorentz transformation. Once this is taken into account, the four dimensional calculus is found to be fully Lorentz covariant. The result we obtain extends naturally to the whole κ-Poincaré algebra of transformations, showing the close relation between its relativistic nature and the properties of the differential calculus.

Differential calculus

Vector calculus

Time-scale calculus

Four-vector

10.1016/j.physletb.2022.137016

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Deformed Lorentz symmetry and relative locality in a curved/expanding spacetime

Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology (2012)

Giovanni Amelino-Camelia Antonino Marcianò Marco Matassa Giacomo Rosati

The interest of part of the quantum-gravity community in the possibility of Planck-scale-deformed Lorentz symmetry is also fueled by the opportunities for testing the relevant scenarios with analyses, from a signal-propagation perspective, of observations of bursts of particles from cosmological distances. In this respect the fact that so far the implications of deformed Lorentz symmetry have been investigated only for flat (Minkowskian) spacetimes represents a very significant limitation, since for propagation over cosmological distances the curvature/expansion of spacetime is evidently tangible. We here provide a significant step toward filling this gap by exhibiting an explicit example of Planck-scale-deformed relativistic symmetries of a spacetime with constant rate of expansion (de Sitterian). Technically, we obtain the first ever example of a relativistic theory of worldlines of particles with 3 nontrivial relativistic invariants: a large speed scale (``speed-of-light scale''), a large distance scale (inverse of the ``expansion-rate scale''), and a large momentum scale (``Planck scale''). We address some of the challenges that had obstructed success for previous attempts by exploiting the recent understanding of the connection between deformed Lorentz symmetry and relativity of spacetime locality. We also offer a preliminary analysis of the differences between the scenario we here propose and the most studied scenario for broken (rather than deformed) Lorentz symmetry in expanding spacetimes.

Spacetime symmetries

Cosmological constant

10.1103/physrevd.86.124035

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Citations (33)

κ –de Sitter and κ -Poincaré symmetries emerging from Chern-Simons (2+1)

Physical review. D/Physical review. D. (2017)

Giacomo Rosati

Defining a new $r$-matrix compatible with the scalar product at the basis of the Chern-Simons action for a particle coupled to ($2+1$) Lorentzian gravity with cosmological constant, I show how deformed symmetries of $\ensuremath{\kappa}$-de Sitter and, in the vanishing cosmological limit, of $\ensuremath{\kappa}$-Poincar\'e kind, arise naturally as quantum deformation of three dimensional gravity. I obtain, moreover, the noncommutative spacetime associated with these kinds of symmetries.

10.1103/physrevd.96.066027

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Could quantum gravity slow down neutrinos?

arXiv (Cornell University) (2022)

Giovanni Amelino-Camelia Maria Grazia Di Luca Giulia Gubitosi Giacomo Rosati Giacomo D’Amico

In addition to its implications for astrophysics, the hunt for GRB neutrinos could also be significant in quantum-gravity research, since they are excellent probes of the microscopic fabric of spacetime. Some previous studies based on IceCube neutrinos had found intriguing preliminary evidence that some of them might be GRB neutrinos with travel times affected by quantum properties of spacetime, with the noticeable feature that quantum spacetime would slow down some of the neutrinos while others would be sped up. Recently the IceCube collaboration revised significantly the estimates of the direction of observation of their neutrinos, and we here investigate how the corrected directional information affects the results of the previous quantum-spacetime-inspired analyses. We find that there is now no evidence for neutrinos sped up by quantum-spacetime properties, whereas the evidence for neutrinos slowed down by quantum spacetime is even stronger than previously found. Our most conservative estimates find a false alarm probability of less than 1% for these "slow neutrinos", providing motivation for future studies on larger data samples.

Cosmic neutrino background

10.48550/arxiv.2209.13726

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Physical velocity of particles in relativistic curved momentum space

Modern Physics Letters A (2020)

S. Mignemi Giacomo Rosati

We show in general that for a relativistic theory with curved momentum space, i.e. a theory with deformed relativistic symmetries, the physical velocity of particles coincides with their group velocity. This clarifies a long-standing question about the discrepancy between coordinate and group velocity for this kind of theories. The first evidence that this was the case had been obtained at linear order in the deformation parameter in Ref. 1 for the specific case of [Formula: see text]-momentum space. The proof was based on the recent understanding of how relative locality affects these scenarios. Here we rely again on a careful implementation of relative locality effects, and obtain our result for a generic (relativistic) curved momentum space framework at all orders in the deformation/curvature parameter. We also discuss the validity of this result when the deformation depends on the coordinates as well as on the momenta.

Momentum (technical analysis)

Curved space

10.1142/s0217732320501801

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Planck-scale-deformed relativistic symmetries and diffeomorphisms in momentum space

Physical review. D/Physical review. D. (2020)

Giovanni Amelino-Camelia S. Bianco Giacomo Rosati

We study the implications of a change of coordinatization of momentum space for theories with curved momentum space. We of course find that after a passive diffeomorphism the theory yields the same physical predictions, as one would expect considering that a simple reparametrization should not change physics. However, it appears that general momentum-space covariance (invariance under active diffeomorphisms of momentum space) cannot be enforced, and within a given set of prescriptions on how the theory should encode momentum-space metric and affine connection the physical predictions do depend on the momentum space background. These conclusions find support in some general arguments and in our quantitative analysis of a much-studied toy model with maximally symmetric (curved) momentum space.

Diffeomorphism

Momentum (technical analysis)

10.1103/physrevd.101.026018

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Citations (15)