Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in combination with continuous monitoring technologies have the potential to revolutionize chronic disease management. The recent innovations in both continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and the closed‐loop highlight the far‐reaching potential of AI biosensors for individual healthcare. This review summarizes some of the most advanced progress made in CGM biosensing. We will focus on three main applications of AI algorithms in diabetes management: closed‐loop control algorithms, glucose predictions, and calibrations. The challenges and opportunities of AI technologies for CGM in individualized and proactive medicine will also be discussed.
paramagnetic nanoparticles into a vector-controlled microswarm with 3D collective motions by programming sawtooth magnetic fields. It can be flexibly switch horizonal swarm to vertical stand and hover in situ, and the wheel-like swarms endowed with multi-modal locomotion and loadcarrying capabilities. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2022.877964/full For single motor or robot, speed and direction control are the two most important properties. Indeed, with strong propulsion，the self-stirring effect of the microenvironment generated by the motors or robots will greatly improve their contact efficiency with a given target, thereby improving the efficiency, especially in biomedical applications, such as cell detection, drug delivery, DNA sensing, In addition to the utilize the propulsion, compare to traditional drug delivery systems usually rely on the passive diffusion, efficient direction control of micro/nano motors or robots means active targeted delivery which also plays key roles in the biomedical applications. In this context, Hua et al.have illustrated a magnetic-driven hydrogel microrobots as drug delivery system for drug delivery directly to the tumor site by magnetic field regulation to enhance the drug efficiency and reduce the side effects. Meanwhile, the selective inhibition of this system could be easily controlled by programming the strength of the magnetic field.
Abstract The last decades have witnessed the rapid growth of hydrogel bioelectronics. Traditional hydrogels face challenges when working under extreme conditions, causing a loss of stabilities and functionalities. This review provides a systematic overview of hydrogels capable of working under extreme conditions, with a focus on their applications in bioelectronic systems. These hydrogels are summarized into categories of anti‐mechanical damage, anti‐detachment, anti‐swelling, anti‐freezing, and anti‐foreign body response. Strategies including material development and structural design that can endow hydrogels with the above extreme properties are introduced. Finally, current challenges and new opportunities in developing extreme hydrogel bioelectronic devices and systems are discussed.
The bioinspired micropatterns exhibit outstanding capacity in controlling and patterning microdroplets, which have offered new functionalities and possibilities towards a wide variety of emerging biological and biomedical applications. By taking the advantages of the microdroplet anchoring ability, enrichment ability, and the accessibility of such bioinspired micropatterns, the selected topic mainly focuses on the important aspects related to (super)wettable surfaces and their emerging sensing applications (DNA, miRNA, proteins, etc.) by combining them with multiple signal output approaches (fluorescence, colorimetric, SERS, electrochemical, etc.). In the end, we also provide a personal perspective on the future development, and address the remaining challenges in the commercialization of (super)wettable micropatterns towards biosensing.
Functionalized textiles capable of biofluid administration are favorable for enhancing the wet–thermal comfort of the wearer and healthcare performance. Herein, inspired by the Janus wettability of lotus leaf, we propose a skin-comfortable Janus electronic textile (e-textile) based on natural silk materials for managing and analysis of biofluid. Silk materials are chosen and modified as both a textile substrate and a sensing electrode due to its natural biocompatibility. The unidirectional biofluid behavior of such Janus silk substrate facilitates a comfortable skin microenvironment, including weakening the undesired wet adhesion (∼0 mN cm–2) and avoiding excessive heat or cold on the epidermis. We noninvasively analyze multiple targets of human sweat with less required liquid volume (∼5 μL) and a faster (2–3 min) response time based on the silk-based yarn electrode woven into the hydrophilic side of Janus silk. This work bridges the gap between physiological comfort and sensing technology using biomass-derived elements, presenting a new type of smart textiles for wet–thermal management and health monitoring.
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