Abstract Background The prevalence and clinical importance of cardiac abnormalities in dogs with acute pancreatitis (AP) is unknown. Animals Twelve dogs with AP and 60 archived serum samples from dogs with suspected AP. Methods Two‐phase study. Phase I: Analysis of archived serum samples from dogs with clinical signs of AP and high Spec cPL concentrations. High sensitivity troponin I (TnIH) and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) concentrations were measured in achieved serum samples. Phase II: Prospective observational study. Dogs with AP underwent echocardiography and Holter monitoring. Serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and plasma NT‐proBNP concentrations were measured. Previously described disease severity indices were calculated for each dog. Results Phase I: 41 of 60 dogs suspected of having AP had abnormally high TnIH concentrations and 13 of 60 had abnormally high serum NT‐proBNP concentrations. Higher TnIH concentrations were observed in dogs with Spec cPL concentration >2000 μg/L as compared to those with concentrations of 1000‐2000 μg/L. Phase II: 11 of 12 dogs diagnosed with pancreatitis had abnormal cTnI concentrations (median: 0.384 ng/mL, range: 0.041‐2.966 ng/mL, RI: ≤0.06 ng/mL) and 7 of 12 dogs had plasma NT‐proBNP concentrations above the reference interval (median: 971 pmol/L, range: 250‐2215 pmol/L, RI: ≤900 pmol/L). Supraventricular and ventricular ectopic beats occurred in 3 dogs. Echocardiographic abnormalities were detected in 5 dogs. Cardiovascular variables were not associated with indices of disease severity. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Myocardial injury is common in dogs with AP, but clinical consequences appeared to be uncommon in our small cohort. Cardiac biomarkers should be interpreted with caution in dogs with AP.
Food and beverage products stored in polyethylene (PE) containers may absorb some of PE's volatile minor components and become tainted by its characteristic "plastic" odor. High-density PE containers that had imparted "plastic" odor to an experimental corn chip product were analyzed by simultaneous distillation/extraction to remove the volatile components, by gas chromatography/olfactometry (GC/O) to locate the offending components and by 2-D GC/mass spectrometry (MS) to identify the major "plastic" odor contributor (8-nonenal). The identification was made using high-resolution electron ionization and chemical ionization MS data to narrow the possibilities to two isomers of nonenal, followed by retrieval of reference spectra and confirmatory synthesis. By monitoring 8-nonenal in HDPE containers and corn chips it was demonstrated that 8-nonenal tracks with "plastic" aroma observed in containers and with "plastic" flavor observed in corn chips stored in the containers. Keywords: Polyethylene volatiles; HDPE; 8-nonenal; plastic off-odor; plastic off-flavor; packaging off-odor
Field desorption (FD), fast atom bombardment (FAB) and plasma desorption (PD) mass spectrometry have been used for the characterization of olestra, a mixture of octa‐, hepta‐ and hexaesters of sucrose formed by reaction of sucrose with long‐chain fatty acids (C 12 –C 18 ). Most previous applications of desorption ionization mass spectrometry have involved polar compounds; however, the relatively low‐polarity olestra is also amenable to these techniques with proper sample preparation. Field desorption provides molecular weight information, but the transience of the signals limits the usefulness for observing fragmentation and measuring ester distributions. In addition, FD may not be sensitive enough to allow characterization of fractions isolated from analytical high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) columns. Fast atom bombardment produces longer‐lasting signals, which permit characterization of components over a wide mass range. However, signal‐to‐noise fluctuates substantially, depending on analyte solubility in the matrix, making the characterization of partial esters collected from HPLC uncertain and difficult. Plasma desorption mass spectrometry is the easiest and most sensitive technique for olestra characterization but provides the lowest mass resolution. Because it requires no more than a few µg of material, it is effective for the characterization of HPLC fractions. Furthermore, it is the only method, of the three investigated, that allows detection of intact dimeric species having molecular masses in the 3,000 to 5,000 dalton range.
NOVEIKBEB 1958 FIQUBE 2.--200-mb.chart for 1500 QMT, October 30, 1956.Solid FIGURE 3.-Composite sea level chart (solid lines, 1230 QMT) and linea are contom labeled in hundreds of feet, and dashed lines 500-mb.chart (dashed lines, 1500 QMT) for October 30, 1956.are isotherms labeled in degrees Celsius.Surface fronts are indicated with standard symbols.The system near the west coast later developed and became the important storm.
Introduction: Pulmonary vein (PV) isolation has proven to be an effective therapy for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, clinical evidence suggests that suppression of AF after PV isolation could not be fully attributed to the interruption of electrical conduction in and out of the PVs. Furthermore, little is known regarding the effects of ablation around the PVs on the atrial electrophysiological properties. We aimed to study the changes in atrial response to vagal stimulation (VS) after PV ablation (PVA). Methods: We studied 11 adult mongrel dogs under general anesthesia. Bilateral cervical sympathovagal trunks were decentralized. Propranolol was given to block sympathetic effects. Multipolar catheters were placed into right atrial appendage (RAA), distal and proximal coronary sinus (CSD, CSP), and left atrial free wall (LAFW). PVA was performed via trans‐septal approach. Atrial effective refractory period (AERP) and vulnerability window (VW) of AF were measured with and without VS before and after ablation to isolate the PVs. Results: After ablation, AERP shortening in response to VS significantly decreased in the left atrium (43.64 ± 21.57 vs 11.82 ± 9.82 msec, P < 0.001 at LAFW; 50.91 ± 26.25 vs 11.82 ± 14.01 msec, P < 0.001 at CSP; 50 ± 31.94 vs 17.27 ± 20.54 msec, P < 0.005 at CSD), while the response to VS did not change significantly at RAA (58.18 ± 28.22 vs 50.91 ± 22.12 msec, P = 0.245). After ablation, atrial fibrillation VW during VS narrowed (20.63 ± 11.48 vs 5.63 ± 8.63 msec, P < 0.03 at LAFW; 26.25 ± 12.46 vs 5.00 ± 9.64 msec, P = 0.001 at CSP; 28.75 ± 18.47 vs 6.88 ± 7.53 msec, P < 0.02 at CSD, and 33.75 ± 24.5 vs 16.25 ± 9.91 msec, P = 0.03 at RAA). Conclusions: Ablation around the PV ostia diminishes left atrial response to VS and decreases the atrial VW. The attenuated vagal response after ablation may contribute to the suppression of AF.
