Biomass energy can reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and reduce environmental pollution. The project site selection affects the production efficiency and economic benefits. Firstly, this study proposes a macro-site selection decision framework for biomass cogeneration considering carbon emission reduction. Secondly, this paper innovatively uses Nash equilibrium as the coordination goal, and introduces Game Theory to determine the optimal combination weight of Best-Worst Method (BWM) and Criteria Importance Though Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC). Further thinking is needed to improve the comprehensive closeness measurement method, establish a Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution and Grey Relational Analysis (TOPSIS-GRA) site selection model that reflects distance and curve shape, and sort the plans. And then explore the barriers to improving the site selection environment. Finally take five cities in China as an example. The feasibility and the stability of the site selection decision-making framework in practical applications are verified by comparative analysis and weight sensitivity analysis. The results show that carbon emission is the primary barrier factor in the criterion layer. In the sub-criterion layer, transportation costs, carbon emission pressure, carbon benefits, industrial policies, and heating rate are the common obstacle factors in each region. To promote the long-term healthy development of the project, this study provides a theoretical reference for the new construction and expansion of biomass cogeneration projects, and has guiding significance for improving the location suitability of the project.
The steam unit actually utilizes the heat storage in the boiler for primary frequency regulation (PFR). Therefore, the heat storage coefficient in the IEEE boiler model is important for accurate analysis of PFR of steam unit. However, the heat storage coefficient is not a constant but changes with the working condition of the unit. This paper proposes an online identification method of boiler heat storage coefficient. The thermodynamic process in boiler is analyzed and a dynamic mechanism model is derived from continuity equation, momentum equation and energy conservation equation. Then synchronous discretizations of both time and space are applied to simplify the model. Parameters of the model can be obtained with online parameters of working medium collected from the distributed control system of the unit. Finally, boiler heat storage coefficient is identified from response of the boiler model to a step change of control value opening. The method can obtain the boiler heat storage coefficient at the actual working condition and help to improve the accuracy of PFR analysis.
Abstract China’s coastal lands and seas are highly susceptible to the changing environment due to their dense population and frequent economic activities. These areas experience more significant impacts from climate change-induced extreme events than elsewhere. The most noticeable effects of climate change are extreme high temperatures and extreme precipitation. We employ an ensemble of RCMs (Regional Climate Models) to investigate and project changes in temperature, precipitation, and Compound Heat-Precipitation Extreme events (CHPEs) over selected China’s coastal lands and seas for both historical (1985–2004) and future periods (2080–2099). The multi-model ensemble projects that daily temperature extremes will increase by 2.9 °C to 5.4 °C across China’s coastal lands and seas, with land areas showing a higher temperature increase than marine areas. Extreme precipitation shows a high geographical heterogeneity with a 2.8–3.9 mm d −1 reduction over the 15–25°N marine areas while a 2.2–5.4 mm d −1 increment over the 25°N-35°N land areas. We use the Clausius–Clapeyron relationship to reveal that the peak of daily extreme precipitation will increase by 2–7 mm d −1 and the temperature at which extreme precipitation peaks will increase by 2 °C to 6 °C by warming. The land area of 25–30°N has the highest peak precipitation increase of 9.87 mm d −1 and a peak temperature increase of 6 °C. As precipitation extremes intensify with daily temperature extremes increase, CHPEs are projected to occur more frequently over both land and marine areas. Compared with the historical period, the frequency of CHPEs will increase by 40.9%-161.2% over marine areas, and by 36.2%-163.6% over land areas in the future. The 15–20°N area has the highest frequency increase of CHPE events, and the 25–30°N area has the largest difference in frequency increase under two different scenarios. It indicated that the 25–30°N area will be more easily affected by climate change.
The accurate prediction of passenger turnover is an important foundation and one of main basis of passenger transportation organization. It is also an important guarantee for the transportation industry to face the market and grasp the future. This paper used the grey correlation prediction theory to construct the GM (1,1) model. Based on the historical data of China's passenger transport before 2020, this paper respectively predicts the turnover of China's railway passenger transport, highway passenger transport and aviation passenger transport in 2030. This study shows that the prediction accuracy of the model is relatively higher. Prediction values are also basically in line with the actual development of China's passenger transport in the future. Under the background of carbon peak, the results predicted in this paper can provide reference for the adjustment of the current passenger transport structure, and have certain significance for the development of passenger transport.
Abstract In this study, micro‐nano rice husks (MNRH) fibers are compounded in polylactic acid (PLA) to produce 3D‐printed filaments by using melt blending method, and some properties of the printed samples of different surface treatment processes are measured. Two silane coupling agents of KH550 and KH570 are severally used on MNRH and PLA to mitigate the surface quality deficiencies for an intimate interfacial bond. Microstructural analysis shows that the MNRH fibers of the composites treated by silane coupling agent have a better dispersing performance. Fourier transform infrared illustrates that the KH550 and KH570 are successfully grafted onto PLA and MNRH fibers. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DSC) suggests that the thermostability and crystallinity of the composites treated by silane coupling agents are enhanced. Water absorption experiments shows that the water resistance of the composites is greatly increased by KH550 and KH570. In comparison with pure PLA, the tensile strength, tensile modulus, bending strength and bending modulus of the 6 wt.% MNRH/PLA composites that treated by KH550 and KH570 are enhanced by 83%, 98%, 54%, and 61%, respectively. The composites treated by KH550 and KH570 demonstrates the best performance, suggesting that they have great potential for use as an environmentally friendly alternative material in automotive interiors.
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