Morten Birkeland Nielsen

National Institute of Occupational Health

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Ståle Einarsen

University of Bergen

Stein Knardahl

National Institute of Occupational Health

Johannes Gjerstad

National Institute of Occupational Health

Jan Olav Christensen

National Institute of Occupational Health

Live Bakke Finne

National Institute of Occupational Health

Stig Berge Matthiesen

BI Norwegian Business School

Jarle Eid

University of Bergen

Ståle Pallesen

University of Bergen

Trond Heir

Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies

Sana Parveen

National Institute of Occupational Health

Cooperative Institutions

University of Bergen

National Institute of Occupational Health

University of Oslo

Norwegian Institute of Public Health

Haukeland University Hospital

Oslo University Hospital

University of Copenhagen

Norwegian University of Science and Technology

National Institute of Occupational Health

Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies

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Methodological Issues in the Measurement of Workplace Bullying

CRC Press eBooks (2020)

Morten Birkeland Nielsen Guy Notelaers Ståle Einarsen

Workplace bullying is a complex phenomenon that reflects both an actual exposure and a subjective interpretation of this event. In order to achieve trustworthy knowledge about the bullying phenomenon, we need to have valid and reliable measurement inventories. The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of measurement methods utilized in research on workplace bullying, including their challenges, strengths and limitations. We start out by presenting the main measurement methods that have been used within the field to this date, namely the self-labelling method and the behavioural experience method, and explain their similarities and differences. We continue by discussing some important advantages and disadvantages of the methods, and explain the use of operational criteria that can be used to determine levels exposure to bullying. This includes both subjective and statistical criteria (e.g., ROC-analyses and cluster analyses). After discussing the assessment of witnesses and perpetrators in order to verify accounts of bullying, we provide a brief discussion of 'targets' and 'victims' and explain why we should avoid using these concepts interchangeably in our research on bullying. The chapter concludes with a recommendation for a 'best practice' approach to the assessment of workplace bullying.

Workplace Bullying

10.1201/9780429462528-8

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Citations (34)

Resource

Nordic Council of Ministers eBooks (2015)

Karina Nielsen Joshua Lackmaker Marja Känsälä Eveliina Saari Kerstin Isaksson

Nordic co-operationNordic co-operation is one of the world's most extensive forms of regional collaboration, involving Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Åland.Nordic co-operation has firm traditions in politics, the economy, and culture.It plays an important role in European and international collaboration, and aims at creating a strong Nordic community in a strong Europe.Nordic co-operation seeks to safeguard Nordic and regional interests and principles in the global community.Common Nordic values help the region solidify its position as one of the world's most innovative and competitive.

10.6027/tn2015-507

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Citations (2)

Results from Longitudinal Studies in the Rest of the World

Morten Birkeland Nielsen Eveliina Saari Kerstin Isaksson Marja Känsälä Joshua Lackmaker

Rest (music)

10.6027/9789289339438-8-en

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Citations (1)

Workplace Bullying and Suicidal Ideation: A 3-Wave Longitudinal Norwegian Study

American Journal of Public Health (2015)

Morten Birkeland Nielsen Geir Høstmark Nielsen Guy Notelaers Ståle Einarsen

Objectives. We examined whether victimization from bullying is related to an increased risk of suicidal ideation over time and whether suicidal ideation is related to subsequent bullying. Methods. In a longitudinal study (2005–2010), we used well-established single-item measures to assess victimization from bullying and suicidal ideation. We used latent Markov models to determine forward and reverse relationships between variables at 3 time points with 2 or 3 years between the measurement points among a randomized nationwide sample of 1846 employees in Norway. Results. Victimization from bullying was associated with subsequent suicidal ideation (odds ratio = 2.05; 95% confidence interval = 1.08, 3.89). Suicidal ideation at baseline was not related to subsequent victimization from workplace bullying. Conclusions. Workplace bullying may be a precursor to suicidal ideation, whereas suicidal ideation seems to have no impact on subsequent risk of being bullied. Regulations against bullying should be integrated into work-related legislation and public health policies.

Workplace Bullying

Norwegian

Odds

10.2105/ajph.2015.302855

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Citations (128)

Relationship between different bioaerosol parameters sampled from the breathing zone of waste collectors - identification of the most important parameters*

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine (1997)

Morten Birkeland Nielsen Helle Würtz Birgitte Herbert Nielsen Niels Oluf Breum Otto Melchior Poulsen

Bioaerosol

Identification

Indoor bioaerosol

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Emotional dissonance and burnout among child welfare workers: The moderating role of social support from colleagues, supervisors, and organization

Journal of Social Work (2023)

Morten Birkeland Nielsen Håkon A. Johannessen Jan Olav Christensen Live Bakke Finne

Summary Occupational burnout has significant costs for individuals, employers, and the society. Knowledge about risk and protective factors is therefore highly important. This study examined emotional dissonance as a risk factor and colleague, supervisor, and organizational support as protective factors regarding burnout among child welfare workers. It was expected that emotional dissonance would be positively related to burnout, and that social support would attenuate the magnitude of the association. Based on the Psychosocial safety climate model, it was also suggested that organizational support would be negatively associated with levels of emotional dissonance and thereby also burnout. Findings The study was based on a cross-sectional probability sample of employees working in the child welfare service in Oslo municipality, Norway ( N = 678). Emotional dissonance was positively related to burnout. In contrast to expectations, the interaction analyses showed a reverse buffering effect where the examined sources of social support intensified the association between emotional dissonance and burnout. Organizational support had an indirect association with burnout through emotional dissonance. Applications While the cross-sectional nature of the study does not allow for any conclusions about causal effects, the findings indicate that other stress-buffering job resources than social support are more beneficial in efforts focusing on reducing the detrimental impact of emotional demands in child welfare work. However, more knowledge concerning the actual effectiveness of receiving support is necessary to draw more definite conclusions.

Association (psychology)

Occupational Stress

10.1177/14680173221143649

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Citations (5)

Mobbing i arbeidslivet og senere helseplager

Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening (2014)

Morten Birkeland Nielsen Nils Magerøy Johannes Gjerstad Ståle Einarsen

BAKGRUNN BAKGRUNN Tverrsnittsstudier viser at eksponering for mobbing i arbeidslivet er positivt relatert til selvopplevde helseplager. Studiene gir imidlertid ikke grunnlag for å konkludere om hvorvidt mobbing fører til økte helseplager eller om helseplager øker risikoen for å bli mobbet. For å gi bedre indikasjoner på årsak-virkning-forhold oppsummeres derfor kunnskap fra prospektive studier på sammenhenger mellom mobbing i arbeidslivet og helseutfall. MATERIALE OG METODE MATERIALE OG METODE Vi har gjort en systematisk litteraturgjennomgang av originalartikler fra sentrale litteraturdatabaser om longitudinelle sammenhenger mellom mobbing i arbeidslivet og helse. Gjennomsnittsammenhenger mellom mobbing og helseutfall er beregnet ved bruk av metaanalyse. RESULTATER RESULTATER Et konsistent funn på tvers av de gjennomgåtte studier er at eksponering for mobbing er signifikant positivt relatert til psykiske (OR =1,68; 95 % KI 1,35 – 2,09) og somatiske plager (OR = 1,77; 95 % KI 1,41 – 2,22) over tid. Psykiske plager er også forbundet med senere eksponering for mobbing (OR = 1,74; 95 % KI 1,44 – 2,12). FORTOLKNING FORTOLKNING Mobbing er positivt relatert til psykiske og somatiske helseplager. Assosiasjonen mellom psykiske plager og senere mobbing indikerer en selvforsterkende prosess mellom mobbing og psykisk helse. De gjennomgåtte studier er av relativt god metodisk kvalitet. Med utgangspunkt i eksisterende kunnskapsgrunnlag er det imidlertid ikke grunnlag for konklusjoner om entydige årsak-virkning-forhold mellom mobbing og helse.

Mobbing

10.4045/tidsskr.13.0880

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Citations (101)

Workplace bullying, mental distress, and sickness absence: the protective role of social support

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health (2019)

Morten Birkeland Nielsen Jan Olav Christensen Live Bakke Finne Stein Knardahl

Workplace Bullying

Mental distress

Association (psychology)

Norwegian

10.1007/s00420-019-01463-y

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Citations (73)

Silence is golden? Characteristics and experiences of self-reported whistleblowers

European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology (2010)

Brita Bjørkelo Ståle Einarsen Morten Birkeland Nielsen Stig Berge Matthiesen

This study investigates the characteristics of whistleblowers, the prevalence and nature of whistleblowing, and the occurrence of retaliation after whistleblowing using a randomly selected and representative sample of Norwegian employees. The results showed that 12 per cent self-reported as whistleblowers according to an operational definition. Being a leader, or a union or personnel safety representative was significantly related to whistleblowing. The most frequently reported wrongdoing was harassment conducted by a single colleague. Wrongdoer(s) received mixed responses, from no reaction to reprimand. Even though most whistleblowers were not sanctioned, they reported less job satisfaction and more workplace bullying than did nonwhistleblowers. Only a few were rewarded. For the most part, wrongdoing was stopped or reduced. However, whistleblowing was only partially effective, because whistleblowers reported lack of feedback about the result of their report. Results also showed that the status of the wrongdoer was related to the reaction he or she received afterwards, as were the type of wrongdoing and the effect on the wrongdoing, and the type of wrongdoing and the effect on the wrongdoer(s). Potential explanations for the results, such as the type of sample and power distance, are discussed. Practical implications of the study are also addressed, such as the importance of providing feedback to whistleblowers.

Wrongdoing

Silence

Norwegian

Harassment

Sample (material)

10.1080/13594320903338884

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Citations (106)

Repeated social defeat promotes persistent inflammatory changes in splenic myeloid cells; decreased expression of β-arrestin-2 (ARRB2) and increased expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6)

Research Square (Research Square) (2020)

Dhaksshaginy Rajalingam Ingeborg Nymoen Daniel Pitz Jacobsen Mina Baarnes Eriksen Erik Dissen

Abstract Background Previous studies suggest that persistent exposure to social stress in mammals may be associated with multiple physiological effects. Here, we examine the effects of social stress in rats, i.e. repeated social defeat, on behavior, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis and immune system. Methods A resident-intruder paradigm, where an intruder rat was exposed to social stress by a dominant resident rat for one hour each day for seven consecutive days was used. The day after the last stress exposure in the paradigm the data were analyzed. Variation in social interaction was observed manually, whereas locomotion was analyzed off-line by a purpose-made software. Gene expression in the pituitary gland, adrenal gland and myeloid cells isolated from the spleen was measured by qPCR. Results The exposure to social stress induced decreased weight gain and increased locomotion. An increased nuclear receptor subfamily group C number 1 (NR3C1) expression in the pituitary gland was also shown. In myeloid cells harvested from the spleen, we observed decreased expression of the β 2 -adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) and β-arrestin-2 (ARRB2), but increased expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Subsequent analyses in the same cells showed that ARRB2 was negatively correlated with IL-6 following the stress exposure. Conclusion Our results show that that the experience of social stress in the form of repeated social defeat in rats is a potent stressor that in myeloid cells in the spleen promotes persistent inflammatory changes. Future research is needed to examine whether similar inflammatory changes also can explain the impact of social stress, such as bullying and harassment, among humans.

Social defeat

Stressor

Social Stress

10.21203/rs.2.21933/v1

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