Transient Osteoporosis of Hip (TOH) is an uncommon disorder of idiopathic nature, particularly in the Asian population. It has been described to mostly occur in middle aged men and women in their third trimester of pregnancy. A distinctive hallmark of this condition is that it is self limiting and resolves in a few months. The patient presents to the physician with pain on movement and impaired mobility of the affected joint, developing without any history of trauma. MRI is the main diagnostic tool. We report herein a case of a forty five year old male, who developed transient osteoporosis of the hip, and was managed conservatively.
The objective of this research work is to demonstrate the ecologically friendly fabrication of gold nanoparticles (OL-Au NAPs) using the biomolecules of Olea europaea leaf extract. Several spectroscopic approaches were utilized to analyze green fabricated OL-Au NAPs efficiently. OL-Au NAPs were investigated against two different bacteriological strains for antibacterial and biofilm inhibition efficacy. The MTT technique was used to determine the cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cancerous cells, which was expressed as a percentage of viable cells. The biocompatibility of the synthesized NAPs was evaluated further by incubating them for 24 h with hMSC and 293T cell lines. The results indicated that synthesized OL-Au NAPs effectively suppressed proliferation and biofilm formation in all tested bacteria. Their antibacterial activity was statistically equivalent to that of standard antibiotics (p > 0.05). In silico molecular docking studies confirmed that OL-Au NAPs can also bind and inhibit important S. aureus proteins involved in the cell wall and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways. Moreover, they outperformed plant leaf extract and CH-Au NAPs in terms of cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cancerous cells. Green fabricated OL-Au NAPs seemed more biocompatible with 293T and hMSC cells than CH-Au NAPs. The promising biological properties of the OL-Au NAPs may be a result of the NAPs' properties interacting with the adsorbed bioactive molecules from plant leaf extract. As a consequence of this study, synthesized OL-Au NAPs may be a potential choice for their numerous pharmacological and nutritional properties. This discovery will also open the road for the creation of nontoxic nanomaterials with extra biologic properties obtained from plants.
Reverse osmosis (RO) spiral wound membrane generation reached 93.5% in 2020, resulting in 14,000 tons of used RO membranes being discarded annually into landfills, which is unprecedented. The current study aims to chemically convert the end-of-life RO membrane, followed by its performance evaluation and microbial removal efficiency on three different sources of water, i.e., tap water (TW), integrated constructed wetland permeate (ICW-P), and membrane bio-rector permeate (MBR-P), respectively. This was accomplished by selecting 6 years of spent Filmtech (LC-LE-4040) thin film composite type brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) membrane, followed by alkaline and acidic cleaning for 2 h. Finally, the conversion was carried out by 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) with 300,000 ppm/h exposure by active system (AS) using the clean in place CIP pump at 2 bars for 10 h duration. The membrane demonstrated 67% water recovery and 1% saltwater rejection, which means RO membrane now converted into recycled RO (R-RO) or (UF) by removal of the polyamide (PA) layer. Water recovery was 67% for TW, 68% for ICW-P, and 74% for MBR-P, respectively, with the consistent saltwater rejection rate of 1% being observed, while R-RO exhibited an effective COD removal of 65.79%, 62.96%, and 67.72% in TW, ICW-P, and MBR-P, respectively. The highest turbidity removal of 96% in the ICW-P was also recorded for R-RO. For morphological properties, SEM analysis of the R-RO membrane revealed a likewise appearance as a UF membrane, while pore size is also comparable with the UF membrane. The most probable number (MPN) also showed complete removal of total coliforms after passing through the R-RO membrane. These features made the R-RO membrane an excellent choice for drinking water treatment and wastewater treatment polishing steps. This solution can help developing nations to be efficient in resource recovery and contribute to the circular economy.
The computational exploration of chemical reactivity and molecular docking of the synthesized formazan compounds (S1‐S6) were studied. Further, their antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains ( S. epidermidis , B. cereus , K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa ) and against fungal strains ( T. mentagrophytes , C. albicans , A. niger , S. cerevisiae and C. glabrata ) using agar diffusion method and antioxidant activity following DPPH inhibition assays were evaluated. Anticancer activity was executed in vitro model of human breast carcinoma (MCF‐7) cell line. The superior and enhanced antibacterial and antimycotic activities were exhibited by formazan compound (S4) by presenting maximum ZOIs and MICs values. While enhanced antioxidant in terms of percentage inhibition of DPPH and cytotoxic effect on human breast carcinoma‐cells demonstrated by formazan compound (S1) which was further validated by the results of molecular docking studies of (S1) with the human estrogen receptor protein. In order to compute quantum chemical reactivity descriptors from conceptual density functional theory (CDFT) point of view of this system, including chemical potential (μ), chemical hardness (η), electrophilicity (ω), condensed Fukui function and dual descriptors are calculated at the same level of calculation. The most active sites of these molecules are determined and correlated with experimental data. The present investigation displays that formazans compounds could be potential drug candidate that constrains the growth of microbial strains, possess ability to cause cytotoxic effect on carcinoma cells and act as effective scavenger for free radical species.
Abstract Biofilms are primary reservoirs for microbial communities within drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) and exert considerable influence on the overall safety and quality of potable water. The current study centered on investigating the development of biofilms within water storage tanks of National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Islamabad, Pakistan. Two types of tank materials, Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC), were selected to study the impact of the material and residual chlorine on biofilm formation. This study analyzed biofilm development on these materials over 15 and 30 days, demonstrating the evolving biofilm dynamics over time. The findings revealed that water samples showed a high degree of bacterial contamination, with biofilm formation on both PVC and RCC surfaces attributed to low residual chlorine levels. The study also scrutinized the differences between PVC and RCC surfaces, highlighting their varied biofilm growth potentials. Bacterial quantity through Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC) and images obtained from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that RCC surfaces promote denser biofilm growth owing to their roughness. Moreover, most biofilm samples showed more growth over 30 days time period compared at 15 days. Elemental analysis using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) revealed increased carbon content in biofilms, suggesting the role of organic compounds in microbial nourishment. This study underscores the significance of material selection for water distribution systems with rough surfaces, such as RCC, potentially promote enhanced bacterial attachment and proliferation. Moreover, current findings highlighted the significance of maintaining adequate residual chlorine levels to inhibit biofilm formation.
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