Alexander N. Lukashev

Sechenov University

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Andrei A. Deviatkin

The Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health"

Anatoly P. Gmyl

Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides

Jan Felix Drexler

Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin

Olga E. Ivanova

Russian Academy of Sciences

Maria A Prostova

Institute of Gene Biology

Irina O Tcelykh

Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides

Christian Drosten

German Center for Infection Research

Andrey A. Zamyatnin

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Eric M. Leroy

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement

Victor M. Corman

Freie Universität Berlin

Cooperative Institutions

Russian Academy of Sciences

107

Sechenov University

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides

University of Bonn

Moscow State University

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

German Center for Infection Research

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology

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[Molecular-epidemiological monitoring of enterovirus circulation in the Far East and Zabaikalye].

PubMed (2013)

Trotsenko Oe Alexander N. Lukashev Karavianskaia Tn Reznik Vi Sapega EIu

6 year molecular-biological monitoring of enteroviruses in the Far East and Zabaikalye was carried out. Nucleotide sequence of 125 strains was determined from 2006 to 2011. Molecular analysis was carried out in VP1 virus genome region. Phylogenetic interactions for ECHO-6, ECHO-30, ECHO-11, Coxsackie B-5 (CB-5), Coxsackie B-1 (CB-1) and Coxsackie A-9 (CA-9) were analyzed. Highly dynamic epidemiology was shown to be inherent for ECHO-6 and ECHO-30 viruses and is characterized by genetic heterogeneity and consequent change of virus variants. On the contrary a relative stability of circulating genotypes is intrinsic for CB-1, CB-5 and ECHO-11 enteroviruses. The results of molecular-biological studies indicate frequent introduction of new enterovirus variants from countries of Europe and Asia.

Molecular Epidemiology

Echo (communications protocol)

Enterovirus 71

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Поиск лиц, длительно выделяющих вирус полиомиелита, среди больных с первичными иммунодефицитами в Российской Федерации

Эпидемиология и вакцинопрофилактика (2014)

Olga E. Ivanova О В Силенова Н Х Сетдикова Tatyana V. Latysheva И. В. Кондратенко

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Analysis of miRNA Expression in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis during Olokizumab Treatment

Journal of Personalized Medicine (2020)

Irina V. Bure D. S. Mikhaylenko Ekaterina Kuznetsova Ekaterina A. Alekseeva Kristina I. Bondareva

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common autoimmune disease worldwide. Epigenetic alternations of microRNAs (miRNAs) can contribute to its pathogenesis and progression. As the first line therapy with DMARDs is not always successful, other drugs and therapeutic targets should be applied. This study aims to measure the expression level of plasma miRNAs in RA patients treated with olokizumab and to evaluate their potential as prognostic biomarkers. The expression of 9 miRNAs was quantified in 103 RA patients before treatment and at weeks 12 and 24 of olokizumab therapy by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay and analyzed in groups of responders and non-responders. Almost all miRNAs changed their expression during therapy. The ROC curve analysis of the most prominent of them together with consequent univariate and multivariate regression analysis revealed statistically significant associations with the olokizumab therapy efficiency scores for miR-26b, miR-29, miR-451, and miR-522. Therefore, these miRNAs might be a potential therapeutic response biomarker.

Pathogenesis

10.3390/jpm10040205

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Cases of Acute Flaccid Paralysis Associated with Coxsackievirus A2: Findings of a 20-Year Surveillance in the Russian Federation

Microorganisms (2022)

Olga E. Ivanova A. K. Shakaryan Nadezhda S. Morozova Yulia A. Vakulenko Т. П. Еремеева

Surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis syndrome (AFP) in children under 15 is the backbone of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Laboratory examination of stool samples from AFP cases allows the detection of, along with polioviruses, a variety of non-polio enteroviruses (NPEV). The etiological significance of these viruses in the occurrence of AFP cases has been definitively established only for enteroviruses A71 and D68. Enterovirus Coxsackie A2 (CVA2) is most often associated with vesicular pharyngitis and hand, foot and mouth disease. Among 7280 AFP cases registered in Russia over 20 years (2001-2020), CVA2 was isolated only from five cases. However, these included three children aged 3 to 4 years, without overt immune deficiency, immunized with 4-5 doses of poliovirus vaccine in accordance with the National Vaccination Schedule. The disease resulted in persistent residual paralysis. Clinical and laboratory data corresponded to poliomyelitis developing during poliovirus infection. These findings are compatible with CVA2 being the cause of AFP. Molecular analysis of CVA2 from these patients and a number of AFP cases in other countries did not reveal association with a specific phylogenetic group, suggesting that virus genetics is unlikely to explain the pathogenic profile. The overall results highlight the value of AFP surveillance not just for polio control but for studies of uncommon AFP agents.

Acute flaccid paralysis

Etiology

Coxsackievirus

10.3390/microorganisms10010112

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Seroepidemiology and Molecular Epidemiology of Enterovirus 71 in Russia

PLoS ONE (2014)

Ludmila V. Akhmadishina Tatiana P. Eremeeva О. Е. Троценко Olga E. Ivanova М. И. Михайлов

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is an emerging human pathogen causing massive epidemics of hand, foot and mouth disease with severe neurological complications in Asia. EV71 also circulates in Europe, however it does not cause large outbreaks. The reason for distinct epidemiological patterns of EV71 infection in Europe and Asia and the risk of EV71 epidemic in Europe and Russia remain unknown. Seroepidemiology of EV71 and molecular epidemiology of occasional EV71 isolates were studied to explore circulation of EV71 in Russia. In six regions of Russian Federation, seroprevalence of EV71 in sera collected in 2008 ranged from 5% to 20% in children aged 1–2 years and from 19% to 83% in children aged 3–5 years. The seroprevalence among elder children was significantly higher (41–83% vs. 19–27%) in Asian regions of Russia. EV71 strains identified in Russia in 2001–2011 belonged to subtypes C1 and C2, while genotype C4 that was causing epidemics in Asia since 1998 emerged in 2009 and became dominant in 2013.

Seroprevalence

Enterovirus 71

Molecular Epidemiology

10.1371/journal.pone.0097404

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Citations (29)

[A role of recombination in the evolution of enteroviruses].

PubMed (2005)

Alexander N. Lukashev

Enteroviruses, members of the family Picornaviridae (more than 70 serotypes), are distributed throughout the world and cause a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations in man and animals. Human enteroviruses are classified into 5 species: human enteroviruses A to D, and Poliovirus. Recombination has long been known to be an important property of poliovirus genetics; however, recombination has been recently shown to be also ubiquitous in non-polio enteroviruses. Prototype enterovirus strains have complex phylogenetic relations and all currently available enterovirus strains are recombinant to prototype strains. The extremely high rate of recombination allows the fragments of the enterovirus genome to evolve independently at a microevolutionary scale. Recombination strictly takes place between the members of the same species, usually outside the capsid-encoding genome region. Therefore, it can be concluded that the species enterovirus exists as a worldwide reservoir of the genetic information that shuffles frequently to produce new virus variants. This new model of the genetics of enterovirus accounts for failures to associate the serotype of enteroviruses and the form of the disease caused. The contents of this review have been published in the Reviews in Medical Virology, 2005.

Picornaviridae

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m6A Methylation in Regulation of Antiviral Innate Immunity

Ivan Karandashov Anastasiya Kostyusheva Artyom Kachanov Maria Dukich N. I. Ponomareva

The epitranscriptomic modification m6A is a prevalent RNA modification that plays a crucial role in the regulation of various aspects of RNA metabolism. It has been found to be involved in a wide range of physiological processes and disease states. Of particular interest is the role of m6A machinery and modifications in viral infections, serving as an evolutionary marker for distinguishing between self and non-self entities. In this review article, we present a comprehensive overview of the epitranscriptomic modification m6A and its implications in the interplay between viruses and their host, focusing on immune responses and viral replication. We outline future research directions that highlight the role of m6A in viral nucleic acid recognition, initiation of antiviral immune responses, and modulation of antiviral signaling pathways. Additionally, we discuss the potential of m6A as a prognostic biomarker and a target for therapeutic interventions in viral infections.

10.20944/preprints202403.0853.v1

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Citations (1)

Citizen science initiative points at childhood BCG vaccination as a risk factor for COVID‐19

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases (2021)

José de la Fuente Octavio Armas Luis Sánchez Rodríguez Christian Gortázar Alexander N. Lukashev

Current results do not provide conclusive evidence on the effect of BCG vaccination on COVID-19 alone or in combination with other factors. To address this limitation, in this study we used a citizen science initiative on the COVID-19 pandemic to collect data worldwide during 2 October 2020–30 October 2020 (1,233 individuals) in a structured way for analysing factors and characteristics of affected individuals in relation to BCG vaccination. For the first time, the results of our study suggested that vaccination with BCG may increase the risk for COVID-19 at certain age, particularly in individuals vaccinated at childhood. Childhood BCG vaccination increased the likelihood of being diagnosed with COVID-19 fivefold in COVID-19 low-incidence countries and threefold in high-incidence countries. A reasonable explanation for this effect is the activation of certain innate immunity mechanisms associated with inflammatory reactions. These factors should be considered when analysing the risks associated with this global pandemic.

Pandemic

Herd Immunity

10.1111/tbed.14097

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Citations (11)

Full genome sequence analysis of parechoviruses from Brazil reveals geographical patterns in the evolution of non-structural genes and intratypic recombination in the capsid region

Journal of General Virology (2010)

Jan Felix Drexler Klaus Grywna Alexander N. Lukashev Andreas Stöcker Patrícia Souza de Almeida

Due to high genome plasticity, the evolutionary fate and geographical history of picornaviruses is hard to follow. Here, we determined the complete coding sequences of eight human parechoviruses (HPeV) of types 1, 5 and 6 directly from clinical samples from Brazil. The capsid genes of these strains were not remarkably different from European, North American and Japanese HPeV. Full genome analysis revealed frequent intertypic recombination in the non-structural genome region. In addition, evidence of recombination between viruses of the same type in the capsid-encoding genome region among HPeV1 and HPeV4 was obtained. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis indicated that strains without evidence of recombination with each other in any genome region were separated by no more than 35 years of circulation. Interestingly, in the 3C gene, all Brazilian parechoviruses grouped together regardless of serotype. The most recent common ancestor of these strains dated back 108 years, suggesting long-term endemicity of this particular P3 genome lineage in South America. Our results support the idea that picornavirus replicative genes acquire capsid proteins introduced by new strains. Under certain epidemiological conditions, replicative genes may be maintained in circumscript geographical regions.

Lineage (genetic)

10.1099/vir.0.022525-0

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Citations (14)

Occurrence, function and evolutionary origins of ‘2A-like’ sequences in virus genomes

Journal of General Virology (2008)

Garry A. Luke Pablo de Felipe Alexander N. Lukashev Susanna E. Kallioinen Elizabeth A. Bruno

2A is an oligopeptide sequence mediating a ribosome 'skipping' effect, producing an apparent 'cleavage' of polyproteins. First identified and characterized in picornaviruses, '2A-like' sequences are found in other mammalian viruses and a wide range of insect viruses. Databases were analysed using a motif conserved amongst 2A/2A-like sequences. The newly identified 2A-like sequences (30 aa) were inserted into a reporter polyprotein to determine their cleavage activity. Our analyses showed that these sequences fall into two categories. The majority mediated very high (complete) cleavage to separate proteins and a few sequences mediated cleavage with lower efficiency, generating appreciable levels of the uncleaved form. Phylogenetic analyses of 2A-like sequences and RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps) indicated multiple, independent, acquisitions of these sequences at different stages during virus evolution. Within a virus family, 2A sequences are (probably) homologous, but diverge due to other evolutionary pressures. Amongst different families, however, 2A/2A-like sequences appear to be homoplasic.

Polyproteins

Cleavage (geology)

Conserved sequence

10.1099/vir.0.83428-0

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Citations (135)