Objective To observe the effects of lingguibafa moxibustion performing at the appropriate acupoints at their opening time on telomere length，expressions of p53 of tumor supressor genes and retinoblastoma gene(Rb)in the liver of aging rats，so as to explore its mechanisms underlying delaying senescence. Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly divi-ded into normal, model, prevention and treatment groups, with 10 rats in each group. The rat model was established by intrape-ritoneally injection of D-galactose (200 mg/kg) once a day for 42 days. The rats in the prevention group were given lingguibafa moxibustion during modeling, while those in the treatment group were given lingguibafa moxibustion after modeling. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the telomere length and the mRNA expressions of p53 and Rb，ELISA was used to detect the protein contents of p53 and Rb in the liver tissues. Results Compared with the normal group, the relative telomere length of the model group was significantly shortened (P 0.05). Conclusion Moxibustion on acupoints at opening time can inhibit the shortening of telomere length and the down-regulation of the expressions of p53 and Rb in aging rats, which may contribute to its function in delaying the process of cell senescence.
Objective To observe the effect of moxibustion at acupoint-open on-time （Linggui Bafa） on immune function and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in aging rats, so as to reveal its underlying mechanism of anti-agingt. Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into control, model, Linggui Bafa and Shenque (CV8) groups (n=10 in each group). Aging model was established by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose (300 mg/kg) for 42 days. Moxibustion was applied at acupoint-open on-time or CV8 once daily for 28 days. The serum levels of TNF-α, IgG, IgA and IgM were detected by ELISA. The spleen index of rats was calculated. The expression of NF-κB p65 and NF-κB inhibitor protein (IκB) α mRNA of spleen tissues was detected by real-time PCR. Results Compared with the control group, the expression level of serum TNF-α, the mRNA expression levels of NF-κB p65 and IκBα in the model group was significantly increased (P 0.05). Conclusion Moxibustion at both acupoint-open on-time and CV8 can enhance the immune function of aging rats, which may be related to its effects in inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway.
Environmental dependence of male sterility may sometimes result in residual fertility under ‘sterility conditions’, causing hybrid-seed contamination risk. An experiment was conducted to assess the risk factor and methods to increase hybrid-seed purity in a thermosensitive male-sterile tomato mutant, T-4, whose fertility is partially restored in autumn, but largely remains sterile in spring, with some residual fertility. Examination of pollen germination and the subsequent pollen-tube growth in vitro and on stigma revealed that a small proportion of the T-4 pollen was viable, with 10–20% germination, while normal pollen from ‘Tiny Tim’ had 60–85% germination 3–6 h after pollination. A stable male-sterile mutant T-3, whose pollen development collapses at the microspore stage, was pollinated with T-4 pollen followed by normal ‘Tiny Tim’ pollen with time lags of 2, 4, and 8 h. Concurrently, the T-4 mutant was self-pollinated by hand followed by normal pollen from an inbred line (M) with time lags of 2, 4, 8, 24, and 48 h. The progeny was scored for contamination based on differences in leaf characteristics. The percentage of T-4 seedlings (narrow leaved) in the F1 progeny was lowest at 2 h (0.2–6.3%), highest at 8 h (16.9–17.7%) and declined at 24 h–48 h (13.5–10.3%) time lag. The contamination rate was extremely low when pollination was done with normal pollen at (0.4%) and 24 h after (1.4%) anthesis without prior hand pollination with T-4 pollen. It was concluded that with pollination timing soon after anthesis, the T-4 mutant could be effectively applied in a two-line hybrid-seed production system with lower roguing cost of undesirable seedlings as opposed to the conventional three-line system.
We studied the space-time properties of the triangular symmetric black hole in the case of extreme RN black hole. Because the neutral test particle is only affected by space-time in the curved space-time, we chose the triangular symmetric black hole as the model with which to study the motion of the test particle in this case. The curvature tensor and curvature scalar were calculated by giving the metric and the Christoffel Symbol, and then the kinematics equation of the test particle was obtained and analyzed by using these quantities. Then we analyzed the relationship between the coordinate distance and the inherent distance, the relationship between the coordinate time and the inherent time, the inherent velocity and the coordinate velocity of light, and then verified the correctness of general relativity. Next, the one-dimensional effective potential and two-dimensional effective potential of the system under different separation distances were analyzed. Finally, we analyzed and explored the innermost stable circular orbit, calculated all the Lagrange points under this model, and expounded some applications of circular orbit in astrophysics.
In the curved space-time, the neutral test particle is not affected by any other force except for the influence of the curved space-time. Similar to the free sub in the flat space, the Lagrangian of the test particle only contains the kinetic energy term—the kinetic energy term of the four-dimensional curved space-time. In the case of small space-time curvature, linear approximation can be made. That is, under the weak field approximation, the Lagrangian quantity degenerates into the Lagrangian quantity in the axisymmetric gravitational field in Newtonian mechanics. In this paper, the curved space-time composed of axisymmetric equidistant black holes is taken as a model. We study the geodesic motion of the test particles around three black holes with equal mass and static axisymmetric distribution, including time-like particles and photons. The three extreme Reissner–Nordstrom black holes are balanced by electrostatic and gravitational forces. We first give the geodesic motion equation of particles in Three black holes space-time, give the relativistic effective potential, discuss the possible motion state of particles, and classify their motion trajectories. Then, the particle motion of the special plane (equatorial plane) is studied. The circular orbits of the two types of particles in the symmetric plane are studied, respectively. The circular orbits outside the symmetric plane are also studied, and their stability is also discussed. We will show the influence of the separation distance of the three black holes on the geodesic motion and explore the change of the relativistic effective potential. Then, the relationship between the inherent quantity and the coordinate quantity in space-time is analyzed. Finally, the chaos of the test particle orbit is explored.
Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites with temperature-dependent dual emission are attracting more attention due to their promising application in fluorescence intensity ratio technology. Herein, we report a Cu-based organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite (BDA)Cu2Br4 (BDA = C4H12N22+) with dimeric clusters ([Cu2Br6]4–) and organic cations (BDA) periodically arranged in a one-dimensional structure. This structure enables lattice self-trapping and strong coupling between electrons and phonons. The difference in the degree of lattice distortion affected by the temperature decrease leads to the mutual competition between two different self-trapped excitons, thus causing the two self-trapped emissions, resulting in the emission changes from the blue light to the orange-red light. Furthermore, these change in emission color can reverse while the temperature increases. This property potentially enables applications in temperature sensing, blue LEDs, and solid-state lighting.
We mainly focus on the effects of small changes of parameters on the dynamics of charged particles around the Kerr black hole surrounded by an external magnetic field, which can be considered as a tidal environment. The radial motions of charged particles on the equatorial plane are studied via an effective potential. It is found that the particle energies at the local maxima values of the effective potentials increase with an increase of the black hole spin and the particle angular momenta, but decrease with an increase of one of the inductive charge parameter and magnetic field parameter. The radii of stable circular orbits on the equatorial plane also increase, whereas those of the innermost stable circular orbits decrease. On the other hand, the effects of small variations of the parameters on the orbital regular and chaotic dynamics of charged particles on the non-equatorial plane are traced by means of a time-transformed explicit symplectic integrator, Poincar\'{e} sections and fast Lyapunov indicators. It is shown that the dynamics sensitively depends on small variations of the inductive charge parameter, magnetic field parameter, energy and angular momentum. Chaos occurs easily as each of the dynamical parameters increases. When the dragging effects of the spacetime increase, the chaotic properties are not always weakened under some circumstances.
We herein study the circular orbit stability of a static black hole system composed of multiple Reissner–Nordstrom (RN) black holes. By comparing the circular orbits of two static black holes, three static black holes (TBHs), four static black holes and five static black holes at different spacetime, we find that the continuity of their stable circular orbits changes, i.e., the peaks of the effective potentials are transformed from single-peaked to bi-peaked, and that the distance a between the black holes is the main reason for this change. This characteristic is completely different from the continuity of the stable circular orbit interval of any kind of single black hole in the past. After calculation, we obtain several critical values that lead to the change in circular orbit stability. The three fundamental frequencies (orbital frequency, radial local frequency, and vertical local frequency) are derived and compared for two different spacetimes of double and three black holes. We also analyse the effect of the black hole distance a on the three fundamental frequencies of circular orbits.
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