Abstract Background: Dental Unit Water Line (DUWL) deliver water to different handpieces in a dental unit. The water in DUWL circulates in a closed system, where it is taken from a container. The quality of dental water is of considerable importance since patients and dental staff are regularly exposed to water and aerosols generated from dental equipment. Output water from DUWLs may be a potential source of infection for both dental health care personnel and patients. Aim: To assess the microbial contamination in the DUWL among dental clinics in Chennai. Materials and Methods: An in vitro study was conducted on 60 water samples from 20 dental clinics in Chennai in December 2019. Water samples were collected from three different sources of the Dental unit according to ADA guidelines. The collected samples were assessed for the presence of Aspergillus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Legionella by agar plate method. The data were analysed using SPSS software version 20. Results: Legionella was the most prevalent microorganism with 70% prevalence in a three-way syringe and 50% in scaler and airotor, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter with 10% prevalence in scaler and airotor and Aspergillus with a prevalence of 10% in the three-way syringe. Conclusion: Most of the dental units were contaminated with Aspergillus, Legionella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter which pose a serious threat to the patients as well as the dentists.
Changing lifestyle has resulted in worsening of oral health in people of all age groups. One such common oral health disease is said to be dental caries. There are various modalities in the prevention of dental caries which include proper maintenance of oral hygiene, fluoride application, chemoprophylactic agents, antimicrobial peptides and sugar substitutes. The increasing global problems with the traditional disease management and prevention strategies have prompted the investigators to be in constant search of alternatives for managing the oral health issues. Recently probiotics have been used as an alternative for caries prevention that has gained a lot of importance in improving oral health. The effect of probiotics on dental caries and its related risk factors is gaining momentum in the current era. This narrative review summarised the available literature on different probiotic strains and their mechanism of action and future scope of probiotics in caries prevention.
Aim: In India, people chew tobacco either alone or in combination with pan or pan masala, which may cause tooth wear. The nature of chewable areca nut and tobacco consumption in India has undergone rapid transformation with introduction of pan masala and gutkha. The negative health effects of tobacco on oral soft tissue including premalignancy and malignancy are well documented, however research on its effect on oral hard tissues especially on tooth wear is lacking. Materials and Methods: The purpose of this study was to assess and compare tooth wear among chewers of various forms/combinations of tobacco products in patients visiting Pvt. Dental College in Tamilnadu, India. The SPSS version 15 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) statistical analysis was used and the results were obtained. Results: The subjects chewing tobacco had significantly greater tooth wear as compared to the controls. The wear was especially significant in paan chewers compared to the other tobacco combinations. It was also observed that the frequency and duration of chewing tobacco was directly proportional to the number of pathologically worn sights like attrition, abrasion and erosion. The subjects chewing tobacco had significantly greater tooth wear as compared to the controls (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The patients taken here are tobacco chewers, comparison here is the subjects chewing tobacco had significantly greater tooth wear as compared to the controls and the outcome is the most commonly occuring tooth wear among tobacco chewers. Tobacco products containing abrasives contribute to tooth wear and this factor must be taken into account for treatment planning for these patients.
Objectives: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the various approaches used for implant stage II surgery before the restorative phase. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out using data from 486 patients who had undergone stage II implant surgery at Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai. The age, gender, technique of implant recovery, and site of recovery were noted. The data were collected and statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 24.0. Results: The mean age of the patients was 39.9 ± 12.9.The most common approach used in stage II implant surgery was found to be a full thickness flap accounting for about 76.75%. Chi-square test for association between the site of implant and the technique used for recovery was statistically not significant (p value % 0.187). Conclusion: Given that there is some loss of keratinized tissue during a flapless tissue punch technique, the full thickness flap provides an opportunity to preserve the keratinized gingiva and to form a healthy marginal attachment mucosa around the implants.
Background: Microbial contamination of gutta percha (GP) cones can be harmful for the success of endodontic therapy. A rapid chair side disinfection is preferred to avoid secondary infection.
Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of 20% and 100% garlic extract with 5.25% Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 2% Glutaraldehyde in rapid disinfection of GP.
Materials and Methods: GP were immersed in prepared suspensions of Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. The cones were disinfected in 5.25%NaoCl, 2% glutaraldehyde, 20% garlic extract and 100% garlic extract for 1 and 5 minutes. The cones were then transferred to sterile test tubes containing 1ml sterile saline and vortexed vigorously for 5minutes. 100µl of the saline suspension plated onto Brain heart infusion agar by spread plate method. The plates were incubated for 24-48 hours at 37˚C and the total colony forming units/ml were calculated.
Results: Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA followed post hoc Tukey test. There was no statistically significant difference among 5.25% NaOCl, 100% garlic extract and 2% glutaraldehyde.
Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, 100% garlic extract possesses superior antibacterial activity when compared with 2% glutaraldehyde and 20% garlic extract and similar effect as 5.25% NaOCl.
Background: Air abrasion of the implant abutment surface improves the bond strength of luting agents. However, the effect of acid etching and combination of air abrasion and acid etching on the bond strength of various luting agents under masticatory load is yet to be documented. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of implant abutment surface modifications on the tensile bond strength (TBS) of cast metal copings (CMCs) luted with different luting agents, subjected to cyclic fatigue loads. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 Ni-Cr CMCs were made on commercially pure titanium (Cp-Ti) laboratory analogues. The samples were categorized into three groups based on surface modifications and five subgroups for luting agents. The CMCs were cemented to the respective surface-modified groups, stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours, and then subjected to load cycling, followed by tensile loading. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the mean bond strength between luting agents. Results: Self-adhesive resin cement showed the highest TBS followed by resin-modified glass ionomer cement, zinc polycarboxylate, and zinc phosphate cement. Non-eugenol temporary cement showed least TBS values on all modified abutment surfaces. Conclusion: Air abrasion + acid etching (HY) provided the greatest TBS followed by acid-etched (AE) surface only. Air-abraded (AA) surface yielded the least TBS for luting agents.
To formulate and characterize the chemical structure of a new dental composite with photodimerized cinnamyl methacrylate (PD-CMA) photo-crosslinking comonomer and to evaluate the monomer-to-polymer conversion (MPC) and glass transition temperature (Tg) of the new composite copolymers.CMA was PD by ultraviolet C-type (UVC) irradiation. The research groups were a control group C0 without PD-CMA and two trial groups: E10 (10 wt. % PD-CMA substituted in the base comonomers (B) and diluent (D) mixture); E20 (20 wt.% PD-CMA completely replacing the diluent (D) monomer). Infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies were employed for ascertaining copolymerization (CP). The surface features and composition of the copolymers were explained by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, respectively. The MPC and Tg of the copolymers were assessed using FTIR and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. Statistical tests were used to compare the groups.The configuration of the new copolymers P (BD-Co-CMA) and P(B-Co-CMA) was confirmed. The MPC% and Tg of the copolymers were better than the control. PD-CMA at 20 wt. % in the P (B-Co-CMA) copolymer exhibited the highest MPC% and Tg.The incorporation of PD-CMA in the composite resin resulted in new P (BD-Co-CMA) and P (B-Co-CMA) copolymers with improved MPC% and Tg.The substitution with PD-CMA offset the shortcomings of the conventional BD comonomers concerning the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the restorative composite resin. This might ameliorate the restorations in vivo longevity and serviceability.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) has been the most extensively used denture base material over the past eight decades. Despite the availability of alternative polymers, this has remained the dominant denture base material. To solve the limitations of PMMA, new materials have been developed and introduced into dentistry. Several adjustments have been tried to improve the physicomechanical properties and biocompatibility of denture base acrylic resins. These modifications are divided into two categories: polymer and monomer alterations.
Background: The basic know-hows of handling face shields and its related contamination is invaluable given the current escalation of today's scenario.We firmly believe that educating the still-growing students is a huge step forward in battling this situation.Thus, in our present study we have aimed to assess the awareness levels of dental undergraduates and postgraduates regarding the contamination of face shields when used in dentistry.Materials and Methods: This was a survey based study conducted in the month of March 2021, using the online survey platform SurveyPlanet®.This survey was taken up by 100 dental students (both undergraduates and postgraduates) studying at a private dental university in Chennai, India.The questionnaire consisted of 10 questions.The questions were framed to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of dental students about the contamination associated with face shields when used in dentistry.The data was collected, tabulated in Microsoft Excel® and coded for analysis.The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows (Version 20.0, SPSS, Inc., Chicago, U.S.A.) was used to analyze the data obtained.Results: 63% of the students used Only Mask, 12% used Only Face Shield while 25% used both.38% of the students wore gloves while removing face shields to dispose of them after use.50% of them were aware that if not tight fitting, aerosols may still enter and exit around the outside of a face shield.Conclusion: Within the limits of the current study we conclude by reporting that the existing levels of knowledge and aptitude regarding face shields in dentistry is not satisfactory with respect to the current situation in today's pandemic.
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