Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia is an important, transboundary animal disease of high socio-economic impacts and vaccination has been recommended as one of the preferred option for its control. Twelve years (2006-2017) of data were retrieved from the Ministry of Livestock Production, Adamawa state. The relevant data collated included; estimated annual cattle population, number of cattle vaccinated against CBPP, number of CBPP outbreaks reported, number of mortality due to the disease, number of cattle slaughtered and examined for CBPP lesions and number of cattle with suspected CBPP lesions. The overall vaccination coverage of 4.80% was obtained with the highest vaccination coverage (20.57%) and the lowest vaccination coverage (1.03%) recorded in 2013 and 2015 respectively. A negative and insignificant correlation (r= -0.2346, p> 0.05) was obtained between vaccination coverage and prevalence, whereas correlation between prevalence and reported outbreak of CBPP was positive (r= 0.7381). A total of 76 outbreaks representing an average of 6.33 outbreaks per year and a mortality of 456 were recorded. The highest number of outbreaks (15) was recorded in 2017 whereas the least number of outbreaks (1) was recorded in 2007. The study has established low and irregular vaccination coverage which resulted in increased outbreaks of the disease in the study area. The need for Government to procure CBPP vaccines that is affordable as well as accessible to cattle owners at subsidized rates, increased and compulsory vaccination coverage of 80% for 5 consecutive years and enlightenment of cattle owners through public media on the dangers of the disease was recommended.Keywords: Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, outbreak, vaccination coverage, Adamawa state
Disease prevalence in ruminants constitutes a serious impediment to livestock production in Nigeria. Records of common cattle diseases prevalent in Zaria are pertinent for effective control programmes. Knowledge of the extent to which the public is exposed to zoonotic diseases through meat consumption is useful in preventive medicine. The slaughter house in Zango-Zaria was visited between January and September, 2008 to obtain information on pathological conditions found in cattle slaughtered during the same period. A total of 7812 cattle were examined. Fascioliosis constituted 23.41%, haemonchosis 11.61%, pericarditis 17.06%, pneumonia 8.79%, liver cirrhosis 10.41%, fracture 6.50%, pulmonary emphysema 4.71% and abscesses in liver, lungs and kidneys 4.55% of the pathological conditions noted. Seasonality trend of some conditions was noted, that is streptothricosis was highest in July, abscesses in September, liver cirrhosis in April and emaciation and haemonchosis, pneumonia and pericarditis occurred mostly in June. Of the 5758 organs having lesions, 598 whole organs were totally condemned. The number of carcasses partially condemned was 5160. The results highlight the need for improved meat inspection practices at abattoirs and awareness of butchers and cattle traders.
Background: Aeromonas species is one of the most important causes of diseases in Clarias gariepinus, a public health threat with significant economic losses. Objectives: In this research, the prevalence and variety of Aeromonas species isolated from C. gariepinus cultured in an earthen pond were investigated, as well as the antibiogram and multiple antibiotic resistance index Methods: Aeromonas species were isolated by culture and biochemical test and confirmed using a Microbact 24E kit. The antibiotic susceptibility to 10 antibiotics was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: Aeromonas species were isolated with a prevalence of 43.1% with 4 different phenospecies with the highest prevalence of 46(24 %) for Aeromonas hydrophila followed by 15(7.8%) for Aeromonas caviae, then 10(5.2%) for Aeromonas veronii sobria, and the least was observed for Aeromonas veronii veronii 6(3.1%). The Aeromonas species showed high resistance to amoxicillin, ampicillin, colistin sulfate, oxytetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and penicillin, with varying resistant patterns, and the multiple antibiotic resistance index values ranged between 0.20 and 0.80. Conclusion: There was a diversity of Aeromonas species associated with multiple antibiotic-resistant leading to the wide spread of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, there is a need to control the use of antibiotics and ensure the effective use of biosecurity and preventive management measures in fish farms.
Fish and fishery products have been documented as a major source of food-borne pathogens of which bacteria and fungi play major roles.The fungal organisms contaminating apparently healthy and diseased Clarias gariepinus in Zaria, Kaduna State was investigated.The standard mycological procedure revealed isolation of similar fungal organism been associated with apparently and diseased fish.The fungal organism isolated from the skin and gills of diseased fish were 26 (13.1%)Aspergillus fumigatus, 25 (12.6%) A. flavus, 36 (18.1%)Aspergillus niger, 37 (18.7%),Penicillium species, 14 (7.1%)Mucor species, 4 (2.0%) for Rhizopus species, 14 (7.1%)Trichophyton sp., and 42 (21.2%)yeast isolates.While the gills and the skin of apparently healthy C. gariepinus yielded 73 (18.6%)Aspergillus fumigates, 53 (13.5%) A. flavus, 57 (14.5%) A. niger, 1 (0.25%) A. parasiticus, 45 (11.55%)Penicillium sp., 38 (9.7%) Mucor species, 6 (1.5%) Rhizopus sp. and 119 (30.4%) yeast.There was no statically significant (P > 0.05) difference in isolates from skin and gills.All the fish were positive for multiple fungal isolates.The diseased C. gariepinus were characterised wih skin ulcer, fin rot and tail rot.The study showed the majority of the isolates belonging to Aspergillus sp. and potential aflatoxin producers.Isolation of pathogenic fungi from skin and gills of C. gariepinus from cultures, meant for human consumption is alarming which can be a source of fish born infections.Attention should be paid to fish health in the culture so as to conserve public health and safeguard the farmer's investment.
Background.Coadministration of co-trimoxazole with sulfonylureas is reported to increase the risk of hypoglycemia.Methods.We identified a cohort of Medicare beneficiaries aged 66 years or older who took glyburide or glipizide for diabetes from a 5% national sample of Medicare Part D claims data in 2008 (n = 34,239).We tracked each participant's claims during 2008-2010 for a co-trimoxazole prescription and subsequent emergency room visits for hypoglycemia.Descriptive statistics and logistic regression modeling were used to evaluate hypoglycemia-related emergency room visits after coadministration of co-trimoxazole with sulfonylureas and its utilization patterns in older adults with diabetes.Results.Sulfonylureas users prescribed co-trimoxazole had a significant higher risk of emergency room visits for hypoglycemia, compared with those prescribed noninteracting antibiotics (odds ratio = 3.89, 95% confidence interval = 2.29-6.60 for glipizide and odds ratio = 3.78, 95% confidence interval = 1.81-7.90for glyburide with co-trimoxazole, using amoxicillin as the reference).Co-trimoxazole was prescribed to 16.9% of those taking glyburide or glipizide during 2008-2010, varying from 4.0% to 35.9% across U.S. hospital referral regions.Patients with polypharmacy and with more prescribers were more likely to receive co-trimoxazole.Patients with an identifiable primary care physician had 20% lower odds of receiving a co-trimoxazole prescription.Hospital referral regions with more PCPs had lower rates of coadministration of the two drugs (r = -.26,p < 0.001). Conclusions.Coadministration of co-trimoxazole with sulfonylureas is associated with increased risk of hypoglycemia, compared with noninteracting antibiotics.Such coadministration is prevalent among older diabetic patients in the United States, especially in patients without an identifiable primary care physician.
Background. Cognitive decline and dementia are associated with disability and premature death in old age. We examined whether low handgrip strength predicts subsequent cognitive decline in older Mexican Americans.
The Ceylon Journal of Science is a peer-reviewed journal published quarterly by the University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka in March, June, September and December. It is aimed at publishing high quality research articles on topics related to different disciplines in Science. The journal accepts original research articles, book reviews, reviews and mini-reviews, short communications, opinions, research notes, and commentaries and notes. The Journal has its own website https://site.pdn.ac.lk/cjs/. The journal strictly adheres to publication ethics as emphasized by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). It is indexed in Sri Lanka Journals Online (SLJOL), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Google Scholar and Zoological Records. According to the Google Scholar;H5-Index: 12H5-Median: 15According to the Exaly (1970 – 2021);Impact Factor: 0.6 (top 19%)Extended IF: 0.6 (top 19%)H-Index: 8 (top 28%)Citations/paper: 1.42
Aims: Serological detection of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) serotype specific antibodies in trade cattle was conducted to determine occurrence of FMDV serotypes.Methodology and results: Cross-sectional study based on randomly sampled sera in cattle with unknown FMD vaccination history was carried out in five cattle markets in Kwara state over a period of 3 months (August-September-October) in 2011.The sera were screened for antibodies to FMDV non-structural protein (NSP) using NS-Blocking ELISA Kit (PrioCHECK®) and serotype specific antibodies determined by a Solid-Phase Competitive ELISA.Out of 253 sera positive for FMDV serotypes, 74.3% (188) sera were from recovered and 25.7% (65 sera) infected trade cattle.The percentage serotype distribution was 18.6%, 46.6%, 21.3%, and 13.4% for serotype A, O, SAT1 and SAT2 respectively.However, combination of O and A, A and SAT2 as well as O and SAT2 occurred in some cattle.Serotype distribution according to location showed serotype O and SAT2 was highest in Ajasse and serotype A and SAT1 was highest in Bode Sadu and Ilesha baruba markets respectively.Conclusion, significance and impact study: Specific antibody detection confirmed FMD serotypes endemicity and ongoing infections in trade cattle within the Nigerian local markets.The identification of these circulating FMDV serotypes is necessary as a baseline for vaccination control strategy, in conjunction with international livestock trade regulation to enhance potentials of national dependence on beef exportation.
