The mortality of COVID-19 patients has left the world devastated. Many scoring systems have been developed to predict the mortality of COVID-19 patients, but several scoring components cannot be carried out in limited health facilities. Herein, the authors attempted to create a new and easy scoring system involving mean arterial pressure (MAP), PF Ratio, or SF ratio-respiration rate (SF Ratio-R), and lymphocyte absolute, which were abbreviated as MPL or MSLR functioning, as a predictive scoring system for mortality within 30 days for COVID-19 patients. Of 132 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized between March and November 2021, we followed up on 96 patients. We present bivariate and multivariate analyses as well as the area under the curve (AUC) and Kaplan-Meier charts. From 96 patients, we obtained an MPL score of 3 points: MAP < 75 mmHg, PF Ratio < 200, and lymphocyte absolute < 1500/µL, whereas the MSLR score was 6 points: MAP < 75 mmHg, SF Ratio < 200, lymphocyte absolute < 1500/µL, and respiration rate 24/min. The MPL cut-off point is 2, while the MSLR is 4. MPL and MSLR have the same sensitivity (79.1%) and specificity (75.5%). The AUC value of MPL vs. MSLR was 0.802 vs. 0.807. The MPL ≥ 2 and MSLR ≥ 4 revealed similar predictions for survival within 30 days (p < 0.05). Conclusion: MPL and MSLR scores are potential predictors of mortality in COVID-19 patients within 30 days in a resource-limited country.
At the present time, COVID-19 vaccines are at the testing stage, and an effective treatment for COVID-19 incorporating appropriate safety measures remains the most significant obstacle to be overcome. A strategic countermeasure is, therefore, urgently required.This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combination of lopinavir/ritonavir-azithromycin, lopinavir/ritonavir-doxycycline, and azithromycin-hydroxychloroquine used to treat patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 infections. Setting and Design. This study was conducted at four different clinical study sites in Indonesia. The subjects gave informed consent for their participation and were confirmed as being COVID-19-positive by means of an RT-PCR test. The present study constituted a randomized, double-blind, and multicenter clinical study of patients diagnosed with mild to moderate COVID-19 infection.Six treatment groups participated in this study: a Control group administered with a 500 mg dose of azithromycin; Group A which received a 200/50 mg dose of lopinavir/ritonavir and 500 mg of azithromycin; Group B treated with a 200/50 mg dose of lopinavir/ritonavir and 200 mg of doxycycline; Group C administered with 200 mg of hydroxychloroquine and 500 mg of azithromycin; Group D which received a 400/100 mg dose of lopinavir/ritonavir and 500 mg of azithromycin; and Group E treated with a 400/100 mg dose of lopinavir/ritonavir and 200 mg of doxycycline.754 subjects participated in this study: 694 patients (92.4%) who presented mild symptoms and 57 patients (7.6%) classified as suffering from a moderate case of COVID-19. On the third day after treatment, 91.7%-99.2% of the subjects in Groups A-E were confirmed negative by a PCR swab test compared to 26.9% in the Control group. Observation of all groups which experienced a significant decrease in virus load between day 1 and day 7 was undertaken. Other markers, such as CRP and IL-6, were significantly lower in all treatment groups (p < 0.05 and p < 0.0001) than in the Control group. Furthermore, IL-10 and TNF-α levels were significantly elevated in all treatment groups (p < 0.0001). The administration of azithromycin to the Control group increased CRP and IL-6 levels, while reduced IL-10 and TNF-α on day 7 (p < 0.0001) compared with day 1. Decreases in ALT and AST levels were observed in all groups (p < 0.0001). There was an increase in creatinine in the serum level of the Control, C, D, and E groups (p < 0.05), whereas the BUN level was elevated in all groups (p < 0.0001).The study findings suggest that the administration of lopinavir/ritonavir-doxycycline, lopinavir/ritonavir-azithromycin, and azithromycin-hydroxychloroquine as a dual drug combination produced a significantly rapid PCR conversion rate to negative in three-day treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 cases. Further studies should involve observation of older patients with severe clinical symptoms in order to collate significant amounts of demographic data.
Abstract Objectives Uncontrolled asthma may be life-threatening. Poor understanding of disease process and appropriate medication use appears to influence community attitude in facing asthmatic patients in an emergency, thereby contributing to increasing the risk of mortality. This study aimed to analyze community-level knowledge about asthma and attitude towards asthma management. Methods This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted among the community in Gresik, Indonesia, from March to July 2019. Participants included in this study were adults, who could read, write, and communicate well. Data were collected through questionnaires to evaluate the level of knowledge and attitude towards asthma. Results In total, 100 respondents were selected with 91% of women, with a mean age of 49.11 ± 14.42 years and with various levels of education. The respondents had good knowledge by getting a score of 76%. Knowledge regarding recognition of asthma symptoms was scored the highest (83%). However, knowledge about medication use for asthma was lacking, especially in identifying the medicine choice (21%) and inhaler use (48%). The respondents also showed a ‘positive’ attitude with a score of 89%. Most respondents (72%) agreed that when inhaled drugs were unable to relieve the asthma attack, they need to bring the patient to a hospital. Conclusions The level of respondent’s knowledge in recognizing asthma symptoms was good, but there were misconceptions about asthma medication, especially in inhaler use. Overall, the respondents had a positive attitude towards asthma perception and management.
Introduction: Corona Virus Infection Disease (COVID-19) refers to the infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Most of COVID-19 survivors have residual symptoms after being discharged from the hospital, it then leads to the decreased lung function and quality of life (QoL). Pulmonary rehabilitation is essential because it can reduce the impact of these sequelae. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation in improving lung function among adult patients of COVID-19 survivors.Methods: This study was conducted using 5 databases, namely: CINAHL, PubMed, SAGE, Science Direct, and Scopus from 1 April 2020 to 30 September 2021. The combination of keywords used was: "Pulmonary Rehabilitation", “Pulmonary Function", and "Post-COVID-19". In assessing the bias and methodological quality of the articles obtained, this study used the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist tools.Results: From 678 articles, 11 research articles met the criteria. Pulmonary rehabilitation performed in post-COVID-19 patients included the provision of aerobic exercise, breathing exercises, strength training, balance exercises, relaxation, occupational therapy, psychological support, and nutrition consultation. Lung rehabilitation mainly was performed two sessions a week for 3-8 weeks with different proportions for each patient according to clinical conditions and ability limits. Spirometry and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) revealed that patients who completed the pulmonary rehabilitation program experienced improvements in their lung function.Conclusion: Comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation programs under supervision and psychotherapists are the right choice in improving lung function among COVID-19 survivor adult patients.
The COVID-19 outbreak has affected the community in many aspects, especially healthcare workers as the frontline in COVID-19 treatment. The general objective of this research is to find out the characteristics of healthcare workers infected by COVID-19 in General Hospital Dr. Soetomo, by looking at the relation of healthcare workers' age, sex, occupation, and underlying medical condition with COVID-19 incidence. The collected data from 102 samples is taken using a questionnaire filled out by the healthcare workers of General Hospital Dr. Soetomo until July 2023. The collected data is processed, descriptively analyzed, and categorized based on the research variables as tables and graphics. The results of the study showed that the characteristics of healthcare workers with the most COVID-19 cases are 31–45 years old, female, the occupations at higher risk are doctor and nurse, medical disciplines in higher risk are anesthesiology and obstetrics & gynecology, and 26.5% of the infected respondents experienced reoccurrence. The number of COVID-19 cases among healthcare workers increased in 2021 despite the vaccination program by the government starting in 2021 but then decreased in 2022 and no cases in 2023. The number of cases among healthcare workers each year depends on the appearance of a new variant of the virus and the long-term effect of national vaccination coverage.
Improving the quality of healthcare services in hospitals is one of the main goals of achieving a high-quality healthcare system. One of the efforts to enhance the quality of healthcare services in hospitals is implementing an integrated care plan. This study aims to determine the implementation of integrated care plans in hospitals. There were no limitations on methodologies, dates, or settings when reviewing papers describing qualitative or quantitative studies examining the implementation of integrated care plans in hospitals. The setting, design, and findings were all extracted from key study aspects. The major components of the integrated care plan's key components served as a framework for organizing the findings. There are 15 relevant papers published between 2018 and 2023. Most of the studies reported are qualitative, where healthcare workers reflect on their experiences and preferences regarding implementing an integrated care plan. These studies reported on issues underlying the need for the implementation of an integrated care plan, including poor administrative and management systems, lack of access, lack of coordination, lack of regulation, lack of knowledge, and lack of experience, with the ultimate goal of care being aware of cooperation and benefits for patients. An efficient way to raise patient satisfaction and improve the standard of healthcare services is to establish an Integrated Care Plan in hospitals. The efficacy and efficiency of patient care in hospitals can be improved by implementing a more structured and measurable care plan. Keywords: Integrated care plan, integrated health care systems, integrated delivery system, hospital.
Objective: This literature review aims to systematically analyze the relationship between asthma and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), examining prevalence patterns, risk factors, clinical impacts, and treatment outcomes based on current evidence. Methods: A comprehensive analysis of recent research was conducted, focusing on studies investigating the asthma-OSA relationship. The review synthesized findings regarding prevalence rates, identified risk factors, clinical manifestations, and treatment effectiveness, particularly emphasizing the impact of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy. Results: The prevalence of OSA in asthmatic patients demonstrates significant variation, ranging from 24% to 80.4%, with moderate-to-severe OSA affecting 13% to 39.1% of patients. Body Mass Index (BMI) and age emerged as primary risk factors, showing consistent associations across multiple studies. Asthmatic patients with OSA exhibited poorer disease control, increased exacerbation frequency, and accelerated decline in lung function parameters. CPAP therapy demonstrated significant benefits, including reduced annual FEV1 decline and improved symptom control, though treatment responses varied among patient populations. Conclusion: The evidence indicates a significant relationship between asthma and OSA, with important implications for patient care and outcomes. The findings support the need for systematic screening approaches and highlight the potential benefits of early intervention with CPAP therapy. Future research should focus on developing refined screening tools and optimizing treatment strategies for this patient population.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is an infectious disease with various clinical presentation from asymptomatic to severe pneumonia and death. It is caused by the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). One of the important mechanisms that underlies the severe respiratory syndrome of COVID-19 is the oxidant-antioxidant imbalances owing to the inflammatory response and excessive oxidative stress. The antioxidant defense system plays a role in balancing these excessive reactive species. This literature study aims to review several therapeutic approaches particularly antioxidative agents that may be favorable in the treatment of COVID-19.
Background: prevalence of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia as of June 9, 2020, has been confirmed 32.076 positive cases, with 1.923 death cases. total number of deaths reached 92,941 cases. There has been a recent update on stem cell-based biological, medical therapy as an optional treatment to handling COVID-19 due to its potential viability besides using the prevalent conventional chemical drug therapy.
Methods: In this study, in vitro research was conducted to determine the potential of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and natural killer cells (NK cells) against SARS-CoV-2 viruses, which virus isolates were collected in Indonesia. SARS-CoV-2 virus was planted in rat kidney cells and Vero cells. cells that had been planted with the virus were given HSCs and NK cells, followed by being evaluated at intervals of 24, 48, and 72 hours. evaluation was done by collecting cells and supernatant from the cell plate and then determining the viral load using a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) machine.
Results: results showed that the addition of HSCs and NK on cells that had been infected by SARS-CoV-2 resulted in a decrease in viral load within 24 to 72 hours in all variations of Multiples of Infection (MoI) values.
Conclusions: administration of HSCs and NK cells has the potential to eliminate the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Although this study is only an in vitro study, it could be the basis for the development of alternative stem cell-based therapies to tackle COVID-19 cases.
How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style
Purwati, Andang Miatmoko, Nasronudin, Deya Karsari, Aristika Dinaryanti, Eryk Hendrianto, Igo Syaiful Ihsan, Nora Ertanti, Disca Sandyakala Purnama, Tri Pudy Asmarawati, Erika Marfiani, Zamrotul Izzah, Alfian Nur Rosyid, Prastuti Asta Wulaningrum, Herley Windo Setiawan. Potency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) and Natural Killer (NK) Cells as A Therapeutic of SARS-CoV-2 Indonesia Isolates Infection by Viral Inactivation (In Vitro Study). SRP. 2020; 11(5): 772-777. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.5.112
Web Style
Purwati, Andang Miatmoko, Nasronudin, Deya Karsari, Aristika Dinaryanti, Eryk Hendrianto, Igo Syaiful Ihsan, Nora Ertanti, Disca Sandyakala Purnama, Tri Pudy Asmarawati, Erika Marfiani, Zamrotul Izzah, Alfian Nur Rosyid, Prastuti Asta Wulaningrum, Herley Windo Setiawan. Potency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) and Natural Killer (NK) Cells as A Therapeutic of SARS-CoV-2 Indonesia Isolates Infection by Viral Inactivation (In Vitro Study). http://www.sysrevpharm.org/?mno=127004 [Access: March 29, 2021]. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.5.112
AMA (American Medical Association) Style
Purwati, Andang Miatmoko, Nasronudin, Deya Karsari, Aristika Dinaryanti, Eryk Hendrianto, Igo Syaiful Ihsan, Nora Ertanti, Disca Sandyakala Purnama, Tri Pudy Asmarawati, Erika Marfiani, Zamrotul Izzah, Alfian Nur Rosyid, Prastuti Asta Wulaningrum, Herley Windo Setiawan. Potency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) and Natural Killer (NK) Cells as A Therapeutic of SARS-CoV-2 Indonesia Isolates Infection by Viral Inactivation (In Vitro Study). SRP. 2020; 11(5): 772-777. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.5.112
Vancouver/ICMJE Style
Purwati, Andang Miatmoko, Nasronudin, Deya Karsari, Aristika Dinaryanti, Eryk Hendrianto, Igo Syaiful Ihsan, Nora Ertanti, Disca Sandyakala Purnama, Tri Pudy Asmarawati, Erika Marfiani, Zamrotul Izzah, Alfian Nur Rosyid, Prastuti Asta Wulaningrum, Herley Windo Setiawan. Potency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) and Natural Killer (NK) Cells as A Therapeutic of SARS-CoV-2 Indonesia Isolates Infection by Viral Inactivation (In Vitro Study). SRP. (2020), [cited March 29, 2021]; 11(5): 772-777. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.5.112
Harvard Style
Purwati, Andang Miatmoko, Nasronudin, Deya Karsari, Aristika Dinaryanti, Eryk Hendrianto, Igo Syaiful Ihsan, Nora Ertanti, Disca Sandyakala Purnama, Tri Pudy Asmarawati, Erika Marfiani, Zamrotul Izzah, Alfian Nur Rosyid, Prastuti Asta Wulaningrum, Herley Windo Setiawan (2020) Potency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) and Natural Killer (NK) Cells as A Therapeutic of SARS-CoV-2 Indonesia Isolates Infection by Viral Inactivation (In Vitro Study). SRP, 11 (5), 772-777. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.5.112
Turabian Style
Purwati, Andang Miatmoko, Nasronudin, Deya Karsari, Aristika Dinaryanti, Eryk Hendrianto, Igo Syaiful Ihsan, Nora Ertanti, Disca Sandyakala Purnama, Tri Pudy Asmarawati, Erika Marfiani, Zamrotul Izzah, Alfian Nur Rosyid, Prastuti Asta Wulaningrum, Herley Windo Setiawan. 2020. Potency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) and Natural Killer (NK) Cells as A Therapeutic of SARS-CoV-2 Indonesia Isolates Infection by Viral Inactivation (In Vitro Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (5), 772-777. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.5.112
Chicago Style
Purwati, Andang Miatmoko, Nasronudin, Deya Karsari, Aristika Dinaryanti, Eryk Hendrianto, Igo Syaiful Ihsan, Nora Ertanti, Disca Sandyakala Purnama, Tri Pudy Asmarawati, Erika Marfiani, Zamrotul Izzah, Alfian Nur Rosyid, Prastuti Asta Wulaningrum, Herley Windo Setiawan. The Potency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) and Natural Killer (NK) Cells as A Therapeutic of SARS-CoV-2 Indonesia Isolates Infection by Viral Inactivation (In Vitro Study). Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11 (2020), 772-777. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.5.112
MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style
Purwati, Andang Miatmoko, Nasronudin, Deya Karsari, Aristika Dinaryanti, Eryk Hendrianto, Igo Syaiful Ihsan, Nora Ertanti, Disca Sandyakala Purnama, Tri Pudy Asmarawati, Erika Marfiani, Zamrotul Izzah, Alfian Nur Rosyid, Prastuti Asta Wulaningrum, Herley Windo Setiawan. The Potency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) and Natural Killer (NK) Cells as A Therapeutic of SARS-CoV-2 Indonesia Isolates Infection by Viral Inactivation (In Vitro Study). Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11.5 (2020), 772-777. Print. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.5.112
APA (American Psychological Association) Style
Purwati, Andang Miatmoko, Nasronudin, Deya Karsari, Aristika Dinaryanti, Eryk Hendrianto, Igo Syaiful Ihsan, Nora Ertanti, Disca Sandyakala Purnama, Tri Pudy Asmarawati, Erika Marfiani, Zamrotul Izzah, Alfian Nur Rosyid, Prastuti Asta Wulaningrum, Herley Windo Setiawan (2020) Potency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) and Natural Killer (NK) Cells as A Therapeutic of SARS-CoV-2 Indonesia Isolates Infection by Viral Inactivation (In Vitro Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (5), 772-777. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.5.112
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