Richard T. Haasch

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

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I. Petrov

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Daniel P. Abraham

Stanford University

Andrew A. Gewirth

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Taeyoon Lee

Yonsei University

J. E. Greene

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Niklas Hellgren

Messiah College

Eric Breckenfeld

United States Naval Research Laboratory

Daniel Gall

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Lane W. Martin

University of California, Berkeley

N. Finnegan

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Cooperative Institutions

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

275

Argonne National Laboratory

100

Urbana University

University of Illinois System

Northwestern University

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

University of Illinois Chicago

University of Chicago

Goodwin College

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Diagnostic examination of Generation 2 lithium-ion cells and assessment ofperformance degradation mechanisms.

Daniel P. Abraham Dennis W. Dees Jamie Knuth Edward Reynolds Rex E. Gerald

The Advanced Technology Development (ATD) Program is a multilaboratory effort to assist industrial developers of high-power lithium-ion batteries overcome the barriers of cost, calendar life, abuse tolerance, and low-temperature performance so that this technology may be rendered practical for use in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Included in the ATD Program is a comprehensive diagnostics effort conducted by researchers at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). The goals of this effort are to identify and characterize processes that limit lithium-ion battery performance and calendar life, and ultimately to describe the specific mechanisms that cause performance degradation. This report is a compilation of the diagnostics effort conducted since spring 2001 to characterize Generation 2 ATD cells and cell components. The report is divided into a main body and appendices. Information on the diagnostic approach, details from individual diagnostic techniques, and details on the phenomenological model used to link the diagnostic data to the loss of 18650-cell electrochemical performance are included in the appendices. The main body of the report includes an overview of the 18650-cell test data, summarizes diagnostic data and modeling information contained in the appendices, and provides an assessment of the various mechanisms that have been postulated to explain performance degradation of the 18650 cells during accelerated aging. This report is intended to serve as a ready reference on ATD Generation 2 18650-cell performance and provide information on the tools for diagnostic examination and relevance of the acquired data. A comprehensive account of our experimental procedures and resulting data may be obtained by consulting the various references listed in the text. We hope that this report will serve as a roadmap for the diagnostic analyses of other lithium-ion technologies being evaluated for HEV applications. It is our hope that the information contained in this report will lead to the development of new lithium-ion cell chemistries and designs that will meet the 15-year cell calendar-life goal established by DOE's FreedomCar and Fuel Partnership.

National laboratory

Relevance

10.2172/861617

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Citations (7)

Doping-Induced Tunable Wettability and Adhesion of Graphene

Nano Letters (2016)

Ali Ashraf Yanbin Wu Michael Cai Wang Keong Yong Tao Sun

We report that substrate doping-induced charge carrier density modulation leads to the tunable wettability and adhesion of graphene. Graphene's water contact angle changes by as much as 13° as a result of a 300 meV change in doping level. Upon either n- or p-type doping with subsurface polyelectrolytes, graphene exhibits increased hydrophilicity. Adhesion force measurements using a hydrophobic self-assembled monolayer-coated atomic force microscopy probe reveal enhanced attraction toward undoped graphene, consistent with wettability modulation. This doping-induced wettability modulation is also achieved via a lateral metal–graphene heterojunction or subsurface metal doping. Combined first-principles and atomistic calculations show that doping modulates the binding energy between water and graphene and thus increases its hydrophilicity. Our study suggests for the first time that the doping-induced modulation of the charge carrier density in graphene influences its wettability and adhesion. This opens up unique and new opportunities for the tunable wettability and adhesion of graphene for advanced coating materials and transducers.

10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02228

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Citations (131)

Partial hydrodeoxygenation of corn cob hydrolysate over palladium catalysts to produce 1-hydroxy-2-pentanone

Applied Catalysis A General (2019)

Michael A. Jackson Neil P. J. Price Judith A. Blackburn Steven C. Peterson James A. Kenar

Pentose

Hydrodeoxygenation

10.1016/j.apcata.2019.03.019

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Citations (2)

Si-based materials for lithium-ion batteries IV: Surface-modified Si/C/perfluorooctene powder

Surface Science Spectra (2020)

Richard T. Haasch Daniel P. Abraham

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to analyze nano-Si/C/perfluorooctene powder obtained from Paraclete Energy Inc. The spectra were obtained using incident monochromatic Al Kα radiation at 1486.6 eV (0.834 01 nm). An initial survey spectrum together with F 1s, O 1s, C 1s, and Si 2p are presented. A final survey spectrum was collected to ascertain the amount of beam-induced damage, which appears to be minimal. The spectra indicate the principal core level photoelectron and Auger electron signals with only minor nitrogen signal and show the expected silicon-carbon, carbon-fluorine, and silicon-fluorine species related to the surface modification process in addition to oxidized carbon and silicon due to atmospheric exposure.

Auger electron spectroscopy

Carbon fibers

Fluorine

10.1116/1.5130771

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Citations (1)

Elastic modulus scaling in graphene-metal composite nanoribbons

Journal of Physics D Applied Physics (2020)

Kaihao Zhang Mitisha Surana Richard T. Haasch Sameh Tawfick

This study addresses the synthesis and mechanical behavior of graphene-metal composites comprising palladium (Pd) nanoribbons wrapped with graphene. Coating Pd nanoribbons with graphene by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) considerably increases their elastic modulus. These measurements are made by suspended microbridge indentation. A refined indentation measurement approach carefully takes into consideration the uncertainty resulting from the non-ideal bridge geometry. The measured composite moduli depend on the ribbon thickness in the range of 36 - 250 nm, with the maximum modulus of 147 GPa measured for 36 nm thick nanoribbons, representing an increase of 41.6 % over uncoated Pd nanoribbons. The results clearly demonstrate that graphene, owing to its high modulus and strong interaction with Pd, can effectively reinforce Pd nanoribbons up to thickness of 250 nm, which corresponds to a volume fraction of 0.54 %. We study the modulus scaling by deriving a mathematical rule of mixture model considering 3D metal nanoribbons reinforced by the 2D graphene surface. This modeling approach is inspired by the framework of surface modulus, which is typically employed to explain the deviations in the moduli of nanowires and nanoribbons observed in the sub-10 nm regime. Here, the nanoribbons are much thicker, yet graphene's extremely high modulus leads to the observed increase in the measured composite moduli. Further, in these calculations, we consider the critical role of the nonlinear modulus component of graphene -its quadratic dependence on strain- which results from the lattice mismatch-induced interfacial strains between graphene and Pd. Graphene-Pd composite nanoribbons and thin films can be very useful for a wide range of application ranging from strain-engineered catalysis to damage tolerant flexible electronic devices. Beyond nanoribbons, the proposed 3D/2D rule of mixture model may be used to explain the modulus scaling in 3D/2D heterostructures and in bulk graphene-metal nanocomposites made by powder mixing routes.

10.1088/1361-6463/ab7329

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Citations (5)

Single Crystal Rare-earth Scandate Perovskites Analyzed Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: 3. GdScO3(110)

Surface Science Spectra (2014)

Richard T. Haasch Lane W. Martin Eric Breckenfeld

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze a commercially available GdScO3 (110) bulk single crystal. XP spectra were obtained using incident monochromatic Al Kα radiation at 0.83401 nm. A survey spectrum together with Gd 3d, O 1s, Sc 2p, Gd 4p, C 1s, Gd 4d, Sc 3s, Gd 5s, Sc 3p, O 2s, Gd 5p, and Gd 4f core level spectra and the valence band are presented. The spectra indicate the principle core level photoelectron and Auger electron signals and show only minor carbon contamination. Making use of the O 1s, Sc 2p, Gd 4d lines and neglecting the components related to surface contaminants, XPS quantitative analysis reveals an altered stoichiometry of the air-exposed crystal surface of Gd1.07ScO2.21.

Auger electron spectroscopy

Stoichiometry

Photoelectric effect

10.1116/11.20140908

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Citations (4)

Characterization of IrO2SnO2 thin layers by electron and ion spectroscopies

Vacuum (1994)

M. Rubel Richard T. Haasch P. Mrozek A. Więckowski C De Pauli

Auger electron spectroscopy

Microprobe

X-Ray Spectroscopy

10.1016/0042-207x(94)90314-x

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Citations (44)

Growth, nanostructure, and optical properties of epitaxial VN_x/MgO(001) (0.80 ≤ x ≤ 1.00) layers deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering

Journal of Materials Chemistry C (2016)

Antonio B. Mei Mohit Tuteja Davide G. Sangiovanni Richard T. Haasch Angus Rockett

VN_x/MgO(001) layers (1.0 ≥x≥ 0.80) are characterized using structural-analyses, photoemission, ellipsometry, and theory; results show N-vacancies, the primary defects, are non-interacting.

Cavity magnetron

10.1039/c6tc02289h

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Citations (31)

The Si3N4/TiN Interface: 5. TiN/Si3N4 Grown and Analyzed In situ using Angle-resolved X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Surface Science Spectra (2012)

Richard T. Haasch Jörg Patscheider Niklas Hellgren I. Petrov J. E. Greene

Angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AR-XPS) was used to analyze TiN/Si3N4 bilayers grown by ultrahigh vacuum reactive magnetron sputter deposition onto Si(001), with an electrically floating substrate potential of 7 V, in mixed 1:1 Ar/N2 discharges maintained at a total pressure of 0.5 Pa (3.75 × 10−3 Torr). The Si3N4 layers were deposited at room temperature and the 4-ML thick TiN overlayers were grown at 600 °C. AR-XPS spectra were obtained using incident monochromatic Al Kα x-radiation at 0.83401 nm. TiN/Si3N4 Ti 2p spectra reveal an unscreened final-state satellite intensity that lies between that of clean TiN(001) and Si3N4/TiN(001).

Deposition

10.1116/11.20121005

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Citations (0)

Direct visualization of photoinduced glassy dynamics on the amorphous silicon carbide surface by STM movies

Bulletin of the American Physical Society (2015)

Duc Nguyen Lea Nienhaus Richard T. Haasch Joseph Lyding Martin Gruebele

Dynamics

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