P. Turalska

Lukasiewicz Research Network - Krakow Institute of Technology

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N. Sobczak

Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science

M. Homa

Lukasiewicz Research Network - Krakow Institute of Technology

Grzegorz Bruzda

Lukasiewicz Research Network - Krakow Institute of Technology

Artur Kudyba

Lukasiewicz Research Network - Krakow Institute of Technology

R. Nowak

Lukasiewicz Research Network - Krakow Institute of Technology

I. Kaban

Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research

Adelajda Polkowska

Lukasiewicz Research Network - Krakow Institute of Technology

A. Siewiorek

Lukasiewicz Research Network - Krakow Institute of Technology

Wojciech Polkowski

Lukasiewicz Research Network - Krakow Institute of Technology

N. Mattern

Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research

Cooperative Institutions

Lukasiewicz Research Network - Krakow Institute of Technology

Łukasiewicz Research Network

Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry

Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa

Foundry (United Kingdom)

Institute of Electronic Materials Technology

Jagiellonian University

Norwegian University of Science and Technology

Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology

Temper (United States)

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High-Temperature Interaction of Molten Gray Cast Iron with Al2O3-ZrO2-SiO2 Ceramic

Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance (2020)

N. Sobczak J. Sobczak Mihail Kolev Ludmil Drenchev P. Turalska

Abstract High-temperature interaction between molten conventional gray cast iron (wt.%: 4.1 C; 1 Si; 0.20 Mn; 0.03 S; 0.04 P, the rest—Fe) and multiphase Al 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 -SiO 2 ceramic substrate (wt.%: 51.5 Al 2 O 3 , 33.8 ZrO 2 , 13.3 SiO 2 , ~ 1 NaO 2 , 0.15 Fe 2 O 3 + TiO 2 + CaO) was examined at a temperature of 1450 °C for 15 min under inert flowing gas atmosphere (Ar, 850-900 hPa) using a sessile drop method coupled with contact heating procedure. Melting, wetting behavior and solidification of gray cast iron sample were continuously recorded with a high-speed high-resolution CCD camera. Under conditions of this study, selected gray cast iron alloy does not wet the Al 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 -SiO 2 ceramic forming the final contact angle with average value of θ f ~ 135°. The wetting kinetic curve was not smooth and its shape suggests the effect of substrate chemical heterogeneity due to multiphase composition of the substrate material. After the sessile drop test, the solidified drop was easily detached from the ceramic substrate along the drop-side interface showing a lack of bonding between the drop and the substrate. Structural characterization of the drop/substrate couple evidenced the nucleation and growth of graphite at the drop surface and at the drop/substrate interface taken place during solidification and resulting into the formation of discontinuous interfacial graphite layer.

Gray iron

10.1007/s11665-020-04695-z

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High-Temperature Interaction of Liquid Gd with Y2O3

Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance (2019)

P. Turalska N. Sobczak Grzegorz Bruzda I. Kaban N. Mattern

The sessile drop method combined with contact heating procedure was applied for the investigation of high-temperature interaction between liquid Gd and Y2O3 substrate. Real-time behavior of Gd sample in flowing inert gas (Ar) atmosphere upon heating to and at temperature of 1362 °C was recorded using high-speed high-resolution CCD camera. The results evidenced that molten Gd wets Y2O3 substrate (the contact angle θ < 90°) immediately after melting of metal sample observed at T = 1324 °C (Tm = 1312 °C). During the first 3 min of the sessile drop test, the contact angle dropped from θ = 52° to θ = 24° and then stabilized at the final value of θ f * = 33°. The solidified Gd/Y2O3 couple was subjected to structural characterization using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with x-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The results evidenced that the wettability in the Gd/Y2O3 system has a reactive nature and the leading mechanism of the interaction between liquid Gd and Y2O3 is the dissolution of the ceramic in the liquid metal responsible for the formation of a deep crater in the substrate under the drop. Therefore, the final contact angle θf*, estimated from the side-view drop image, should be considered as an apparent value, compared to the more reliable value of θf = 70° measured on the cross section of the solidified couple.

Inert gas

Liquid metal

10.1007/s11665-019-03954-y

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Wettability, reactivity and interfaces in the Gd/TiO 2 system

Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa (2017)

P. Turalska M. Homa R. Nowak Grzegorz Bruzda N. Sobczak

Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środkow MNiSW przeznaczonych na dzialalnośc upowszechniającą nauke (2018).

Reactivity

10.7356/iod.2017.29

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The Influence of Alloying Additions on High Temperature Interaction Between Molten Compacted Graphite Iron and Alumina

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials (2020)

N. Sobczak M. Bacior P. Turalska Grzegorz Bruzda M. Homa

The Influence of AlloyIng AddITIons on hIgh TemperATure InTerAcTIon BeTween molTen compAcTed grAphITe Iron And AlumInA High temperature behavior of three compacted graphite iron (CGi) alloys on polycrystalline alumina substrates (99.7%, porosity <3%) were examined by the sessile drop method combined with classical contact heating procedure in flowing Ar.High-speed high-resolution CCd camera was used for continuous recording of the CGi/Al 2 o 3 couples during melting alloy, heating to and holding the couples at the test temperature of 1450°C for 15 min and their subsequent cooling.The comparative studies were made with conventional CGi (in wt.%: 3.70 C, 2.30 Si, 0.44 Mn, 0.054 P, 0.017 Mg, 0.015 S) and two alloys additionally containing the same amounts of 0.25 Mo, 0.1 V, 0.045 Sn and 0.032 Sb with different concentrations of Mg + Cu additions, i.e. 0.01Mg + 0.33Cu and 0.02Mg + 0.83Cu.All three CGi alloys demonstrated non-wetting behavior on the Al 2 o 3 substrates while the contact angle values slightly decreased with increase of the Mg + Cu content in the alloy, i.e. 131° (unalloyed CGi), 130° (0.01Mg + 0.33Cu) and 125° (0.02Mg + 0.83Cu).Structural characterization of solidified couples by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed: 1) heterogeneous nucleation of discontinuous graphite layer at the drop-side interfaces and on the surface of the drops; 2) reactively formed Mg-rich oxide layer at the substrate-side interface; 3) the formation of satellite droplets on the surface of the drops during their solidification; 4) degeneration of initially compacted graphite to lamellar graphite after remelting and subsequent solidification of the drops, particularly in their surface layer.

Materials processing

Industrial chemistry

10.24425/amm.2020.133654

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Wetting Behavior and Reactivity of Molten Silicon with h-BN Substrate at Ultrahigh Temperatures up to 1750 °C

Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance (2017)

Wojciech Polkowski N. Sobczak R. Nowak Artur Kudyba Grzegorz Bruzda

For a successful implementation of newly proposed silicon-based latent heat thermal energy storage systems, proper ceramic materials that could withstand a contact heating with molten silicon at temperatures much higher than its melting point need to be developed. In this regard, a non-wetting behavior and low reactivity are the main criteria determining the applicability of ceramic as a potential crucible material for long-term ultrahigh temperature contact with molten silicon. In this work, the wetting of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) by molten silicon was examined for the first time at temperatures up to 1750 °C. For this purpose, the sessile drop technique combined with contact heating procedure under static argon was used. The reactivity in Si/h-BN system under proposed conditions was evaluated by SEM/EDS examinations of the solidified couple. It was demonstrated that increase in temperature improves wetting, and consequently, non-wetting-to-wetting transition takes place at around 1650 °C. The contact angle of 90° ± 5° is maintained at temperatures up to 1750 °C. The results of structural characterization supported by a thermodynamic modeling indicate that the wetting behavior of the Si/h-BN couple during heating to and cooling from ultrahigh temperature of 1750 °C is mainly controlled by the substrate dissolution/reprecipitation mechanism.

Crucible (geodemography)

10.1007/s11665-017-3114-8

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Citations (31)

Effect of h-BN spray coatings on wetting and reactivity in Si/SiC system

Wojciech Polkowski N. Sobczak R. Nowak Artur Kudyba Grzegorz Bruzda

Reactivity

10.5281/zenodo.1098423

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Thermophysical properties of selected vermicular graphite cast iron alloy

Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa (2017)

M. Homa N. Sobczak P. Turalska Grzegorz Bruzda M. Bacior

10.7356/iod.2017.36

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High temperature wettability and reactivity between molten Mg in contact with Ni substrate

Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa (2018)

Artur Kudyba N. Sobczak P. Turalska Grzegorz Bruzda Advenit Makaya

Reactivity

10.7356/iod.2018.05

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Wettability of the System of Cast Iron and Magnesia Ceramics with Graphite

Archives of Foundry Engineering (2022)

M. Hosadyna-Kondracka R. Nowak P. Turalska Grzegorz Bruzda Łukasz Boroń

In this paper examinations of high-temperature wetting tests of 3 systems of liquid alloycast iron in contact with ceramic materials: magnesia ceramics in combination with natural graphite were presented.After wettability testing, the microscopic observations of the morphology of the sample surface and the cross-section microstructure with the chemical composition in micro-areas were examined.One of the objective of this work was also to verify whether the graphite content would affect the wettability of the magnesia ceramics.The study of high-temperature wetting kinetics of the liquid alloy in contact with the ceramic material, by the "sessile drop" method with capillary purification (CP) procedure was conducted.Under the test conditions, at a temperature of 1450°C and time 15 minutes, all 3 experimental systems showed a non-wetting behaviour.The average contact angle for the system with cast iron drop on magnesia ceramics was 140°, on magnesia ceramics with 10 parts per weight of graphite was 137° and on magnesia ceramics with 30 parts per weight of graphite -139°.Microscopic observations revealed that in the case of the sample consisting of the cast iron drop on the substrate with magnesia ceramics, the formation of fine separations was not observed, unlike the systems with the substrate with magnesia ceramics and the addition of natural graphite.Numerous, fine droplets accumulate on the graphite flakes and consist mainly of Si as well as Fe and O. On the other hand, the rough MgO grains have a gray, matt surface, without fine separations.The conducted observations indicate the mechanical nature of the bonding -liquid metal penetrates into the pores of the rough ceramics of the substrate.However, in the case of systems of cast iron drop with magnesia ceramics and addition of graphite, probably the adhesive connection and the physical attraction of elements derived from cast iron drop with the flake graphite appeared as well.

10.24425/afe.2022.140233

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Changes in umbilical catheters’ microstructure in vivo: A prospective study

The Journal of Vascular Access (2022)

Alina Sobczak Aleksandra Kowalik M. Homa P. Turalska Przemko Kwinta

Background: Umbilical vessels present after birth allow a unique central access for both venous and arterial catheterization, yet the catheterization complications can be misdiagnosed as the complications of prematurity per se. Methods: A prospective observational study of 41 used polyurethane umbilical catheters, both venous and arterial was conducted in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. The study consisted of bedside ultrasound imaging and post-removal microbiological and microstructural analysis to assess the in vivo catheters’ changes and their clinical significance. Results: The study has shown that catheters’ surface thrombosis and bacterial colonization happen more often within umbilical venous than within arterial catheters (31% vs 8% in both cases) and are inversely proportional to the patient’s gestational age (thrombosis: Me: 28 weeks vs no thrombosis: 32 weeks; p = 0.05, bacterial colonization: 27 weeks vs no colonization: 30 weeks; p = 0.013), respectively. The clots formed near the catheter’s tip are correlated with catheter’s bacterial colonization. Chemical analysis with energy dispersive spectroscopy showed a higher calcium composition in used catheters (19.89% vs 0%, p = 0.016) and structure analysis in the scanning electron microscopy proved that within hours catheters become covered with an external coating of a constant thickness, not affected by the catheterization time. Conclusion: The following observations give a better insight to the complex in vivo interactions and call for a more intense bedside-monitoring of the indwelling devices.

Arterial catheter

Venipuncture

Bacteremia

10.1177/11297298221100441

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