The Faroe–Shetland basin (FSB) is considered challenging for oil and gas exploration due to its complex geological structure and limited exploration drilling activity. The costs of drilling in the basin are the most expensive within the United Kingdom Continental Shelf (UKCS) due to varying geological and engineering challenges. The prevalence of igneous sill complexes within the basin present drilling hazards that contribute to drilling nonproductive time (NPT) and are documented in multiple studies. Recent advancements in ultradeep azimuthal resistivity (UDAR) technology which utilizes the look-ahead portion of the electromagnetic (EM) signal presents an opportunity to assess its suitability as a derisking tool to ‘look-ahead’ and detect igneous intrusions in volcanic basins. This paper utilizes resistivity log data from Well 214/28-1, which encountered multiple igneous intrusions and is used to validate the ability of these tools to detect the intrusions. The EM look-ahead technology detected with good confidence the top of an igneous intrusion 72 ft (22 m) true vertical depth (TVD) ahead of the transmitter and once drilled, detect the base of the intrusion 54 ft (16 m) TVD ahead of transmitter. The detection of the intrusions prior to drilling and information on intrusion thickness can enable proactive drilling decisions to reduce nonproductive time.
The DR Reactor was shut down on July 10, 1963, for a scheduled charge-discharge outage. During the charge-discharge operation on July 11, 1963, the front work platform was being lowered to a new location for charging when the far side charging machine mounting rail came in contact with the 2 1/2 inch drain valve stem on front crossheader No. 25. Before the platform travel could be stopped, the drain valve and the related 2 1/2 inch piping was twisted down transmitting sufficient force to the crossheader to form a dimple in the header adjacent to the drain line-header weld junction.
The Faroe–Shetland Basin, NE Atlantic continental margin, hosts a number of important hydrocarbon fields; although deep water and narrow weather windows mean that drilling costs are considerably higher than for other parts of the UK Continental Shelf. Any additional drilling complications are therefore important to predict and negate as such issues can result in avoidable multi-million pound cost implications. This study focuses on the Corona Ridge, an intrabasinal high which contains the Rosebank Field, where a plethora of drilling issues, of enigmatic origin, are common within a key stratigraphic marker known as the Balder Formation. Drilling fluid loss, bit balling, wellbore breakouts and wellbore ‘ballooning’, where lost drilling fluid returns to the wellbore, are all recognized within the Balder Formation along the Corona Ridge. We find that many of the drilling incidents can be traced back to both the lithological character of the Balder Formation and the mid-Miocene tectonic inversion of the Corona Ridge. Moreover, we find that this geological explanation has wider implications for exploration in the region, including the mitigation of drilling incidents in future wells through drill-bit selection. Supplementary material : A table detailing the drilling acronyms and terminology used in this study (adapted from Mark et al. 2018) is available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4290602
Reservoir management utilizes time-lapse pressure data that is captured over years in order to monitor reservoir development. Several methods can be used to establish field-wide hydraulic lateral and/or vertical connectivity: well testing, monitoring of permanent downhole gauges, wireline and LWD formation testers. While a typical formation pressure survey provides information about reservoir depletion or charge (production or injection), in a field with several wells it is not clearly understood where the pressure disturbances are coming from, which can hamper further field development decision making in terms of infill well selection and drilling. A novel method is introduced where a Formation Pressure While Drilling (FPWD) tool is run in UKCS wells and used to acquire interference data while drilling. Initially reservoir pressures are acquired as soon as practically possible after drilling. Having established these benchmark pressures, nearby injectors and/or producers can be started or shut in one at a time. Drilling is then resumed and after a certain time has elapsed since the benchmark pressure acquisition (typically at least 12 hours), the pressure measurements are repeated using the FPWD tool to evaluate the influence of the created transients in order to prove or disprove either lateral or vertical hydraulic connectivity across reservoirs. This way, the influence of a single offset well is evaluated in real time over the reservoir being currently drilled. This helps in the determination of interference pattern whereby injector wells can be judged for selective zone injections and producers can be rated in terms of zonal contribution which can help in completion design. These direct pressure measurements can illuminate reservoir pressure complexity seen in mature fields and provide operators with the means to safely and effectively construct wells to develop brownfields. The pressure changes obtained are used not only by reservoir engineers as an additional source of dynamic data into the reservoir simulation model but also help geologists in refining the geological or basin model. Two applications of real-time interference testing using FPWD from a recent drilling campaign are shown. In the first application, communication between wells is tested to reduce the risk of accidentally completing a well in an area of the field that experiences insufficient injection support. In the second application, real-time interference testing is used to identify a specific zone in a multi-layered reservoir sequence in order to enable selective completion.
Developments in ultradeep azimuthal resistivity (UDAR) technology has recently progressed from their application in high-angle and horizontal wells to low-angle and vertical wells. This has presented the opportunity to assess their suitability as derisking tools because of their ability to look ahead of the bit, up to c. 100 ft ( c. 30.5 m). Dominated by a complex interplay of structure, sedimentation, and volcanic activity, the NE Atlantic Margin presents a challenging environment to plan and drill wells safely and within planned budget, with many wells drilled within the Faroe–Shetland Basin (FSB) currently the most expensive to-date within the United Kingdom continental shelf (UKCS). The limited number of wells drilled in the FSB and their geographical sparsity relative to those of other areas of the UKCS, make offset analysis and derisking a challenge. The often-unpredictable distribution of igneous rocks throughout the basin presents significant challenges in the planning and drilling of oil and gas wells. Up to 88% of igneous intrusions within the FSB are estimated to be below seismic resolution, which alongside variation in composition, presents significant issues related to drilling safely, efficiently and successfully. Within this paper, we investigate the use of UDAR technology and how they could be deployed in areas of complex volcanic geology such as the West of Shetland (WoS). This paper reviews the nature of the drilling experiences within the FSB to date, the impact it has on exploration, and how improvements in drilling technology could help decrease nonproductive time (NPT).