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Catarina Guerreiro

University of Lisbon

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Jan-Berend W Stuut

Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

Laura F Korte

International Union for Conservation of Nature (Bangladesh)

Geert-Jan A Brummer

Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research

Michèlle van der Does

Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung

Chris I Munday

Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research

Stefan Schouten

Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research

Dirk Jong

Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

Henko de Stigter

Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research

Rick Hennekam

Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research

Carolina Sá

University of Lisbon

Cooperative Institutions

University of Lisbon

Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research

Utrecht University

University of Bremen

Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

University of Aveiro

University of Algarve

Plymouth Marine Laboratory

National Oceanography Centre

Institut de Ciències del Mar

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Coccolithophore fluxes in the open tropical North Atlantic: influence of the Amazon river and of Saharan dust deposition

Catarina Guerreiro Karl‐Heinz Baumann Geert-Jan A Brummer Gerhard Fischer Laura F Korte

Abstract. Coccolithophores are calcifying phytoplankton and major contributors to both the organic and inorganic oceanic carbon pumps. Their export fluxes, species composition and seasonal patterns were determined in two sediment trap moorings in the open equatorial North Atlantic (M4 at 12° N 49° W and M2 at 14° N 37° W), which collected settling particles synchronously in successive 16-day intervals from October 2012 to November 2013, at 1200 m water depth. The two trap locations show a similar seasonal pattern in total coccolith export fluxes and a predominantly tropical coccolithophore settling assemblage throughout the monitored year. Species fluxes were yearlong dominated by lower photic zone (LPZ) taxa (Florisphaera profunda, Gladiolithus flabellatus), but also included upper photic zone (UPZ) taxa (Umbellosphaera spp., Rhabdosphaera spp., Umbilicosphaera spp., Helicosphaera spp.). The LPZ flora was most abundant during fall 2012, whereas the UPZ flora was more important during summer. In spite of these similarities, the western part of the study area produced persistently higher fluxes, averaging 241 × 107 coccoliths m−2 d−1 (117 × 107 to 423 × 107 coccoliths m−2 d−1) at station M4, compared to only 66 × 107 coccoliths m−2 d−1 (25 × 107 to 153 × 107 coccoliths m−2 d−1) at station M2. Higher fluxes at M4 were mainly produced by the LPZ species, although most UPZ species also contributed higher fluxes, reflecting enhanced productivity in the western equatorial North Atlantic. In addition, we found two marked flux peaks of the more opportunistic species Gephyrocapsa muellerae and Emiliania huxleyi indicating a fast response to nutrient-enrichment of the UPZ, probably by wind-forced mixing, whereas increased fluxes of G. oceanica and E. huxleyi in October/November 2013 coincided with the occurrence of Amazon River affected surface waters. Since the spring and fall events of 2013 were also accompanied by two dust flux peaks we propose a scenario where atmospheric dust also provided fertilizing nutrients to this area. Enhanced surface buoyancy associated to the river plume indicates that the Amazon acted not only as a nutrient source, but also as a surface density retainer for nutrients supplied from the atmosphere. Still, lower total coccolith fluxes during these events compared to the maxima recorded in November 2012 and July 2013 indicate that transient productivity by opportunistic species was less important than background tropical productivity in the equatorial North Atlantic. This study illustrates how two seemingly similar sites in an open-ocean tropical setting actually differ greatly in ecological and oceanographic terms, and provides valuable insights into the processes governing the ecological dynamics and the downward export of coccolithophores in the tropical North Atlantic.

Emiliania huxleyi

Coccolithophore

Sediment trap

Coccolith

Mineral dust

Settling

10.5194/bg-2017-216

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Citations (4)

Transatlantic gradients in calcifying phytoplankton (coccolithophore) fluxes

Progress In Oceanography (2019)

Catarina Guerreiro Karl‐Heinz Baumann Geert-Jan A. Brummer Laura F Korte Carolina Sá

Coccolithophore

Intertropical Convergence Zone

Emiliania huxleyi

Deep chlorophyll maximum

10.1016/j.pocean.2019.102140

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Citations (10)

Climate change is associated with higher phytoplankton biomass and longer blooms in the West Antarctic Peninsula

Nature Communications (2024)

Afonso Ferreira Carlos Rafael Borges Mendes Raul Rodrigo Costa Vanda Brotas Virgínia Maria Tavano

Abstract The Antarctic Peninsula (West Antarctica) marine ecosystem has undergone substantial changes due to climate-induced shifts in atmospheric and oceanic temperatures since the 1950s. Using 25 years of satellite data (1998-2022), this study presents evidence that phytoplankton biomass and bloom phenology in the West Antarctic Peninsula are significantly changing as a response to anthropogenic climate change. Enhanced phytoplankton biomass was observed along the West Antarctic Peninsula, particularly in the early austral autumn, resulting in longer blooms. Long-term sea ice decline was identified as the main driver enabling phytoplankton growth in early spring and autumn, in parallel with a recent intensification of the Southern Annular Mode (2010-ongoing), which was observed to influence regional variability. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the complex interplay between environmental changes and phytoplankton responses in this climatically key region of the Southern Ocean and raise important questions regarding the far-reaching consequences that these ecological changes may have on global carbon sequestration and Antarctic food webs in the future.

Peninsula

Bloom

Marine ecosystem

Spring bloom

10.1038/s41467-024-50381-2

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Transatlantic Transport and Deposition of Saharan Dust and its Effects on the Marine Environment

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2017)

Jan-Berend W Stuut Catarina Guerreiro F. van Crimpen G.J.A. Brummer Joseph M. Prospero

Deposition

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Particle fluxes from time series station Iwik

Laura F Korte Geert-Jan A Brummer Michèlle van der Does Catarina Guerreiro Rick Hennekam

Particle (ecology)

10.1594/pangaea.872085

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Satellite-derived data for site 13M5

Laura F Korte Geert-Jan A Brummer Michèlle van der Does Catarina Guerreiro Furu Mienis

10.1594/pangaea.918156

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Satellite-derived euphotic depth for site 13M5

Laura F Korte Geert-Jan A Brummer Michèlle van der Does Catarina Guerreiro Furu Mienis

10.1594/pangaea.918160

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Particle fluxes from sediment trap M2U

Laura F Korte Geert-Jan A Brummer Michèlle van der Does Catarina Guerreiro Rick Hennekam

Sediment trap

Trap (plumbing)

Particle (ecology)

10.1594/pangaea.872088

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Present-day Saharan dust observed over the Atlantic Ocean

Jan-Berend W Stuut Catarina Guerreiro Geert-Jan A Brummer Michèlle van der Does

<p>Mineral dust plays an important role in the ocean&#8217;s carbon cycle through the input of nutrients and metals which potentially fertilise phytoplankton, and by ballasting organic matter from the surface ocean to the sea floor. However, time series and records of open-ocean dust deposition fluxes are sparse. Here, we present a multi-year time series of Saharan dust collected by dust-collecting buoys that are monitoring dust in the equatorial North Atlantic Ocean as well as by moored sediment traps at the buoys' positions at ~21&#176;N/21&#176;W and ~11&#176;N/23&#176;W. We present dust-flux data as well as particle-size distribution data, and make a comparison of the dust collected from the atmosphere at the ocean surface with the dust settling through the ocean and intercepted by the submarine sediment traps. See: www.nioz.nl/dust</p>

Settling

Sediment trap

Deposition

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-7449

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Present-day transatlantic Saharan dust deposition across the equatorial North Atlantic Ocean

EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (2017)

Laura F Korte Geert-Jan A Brummer Michèlle van der Does Catarina Guerreiro Rick Hennekam

Deposition

Mineral dust

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