Dietary Fat Intake and Survival With Breast Cancer David I. Gregorio, David I. Gregorio Department of Social and Preventive Medicine State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo, New York 14214 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James R. Marshall James R. Marshall Department of Social and Preventive Medicine State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo, New York 14214 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 77, Issue 4, October 1986, Page 990, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/77.4.990 Published: 01 October 1986
Despite the documented antioxidant and chemopreventive properties of selenium, studies of selenium intake and supplementation and cardiovascular disease have yielded inconsistent findings. The authors examined the effect of selenium supplementation (200 microg daily) on cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality through the entire blinded phase of the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial (1983-1996) among participants who were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline (randomized to selenium: n = 504; randomized to placebo: n = 500). Selenium supplementation was not significantly associated with any of the cardiovascular disease endpoints during 7.6 years of follow-up (all cardiovascular disease: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78, 1.37; myocardial infarction: HR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.61, 1.44; stroke: HR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.63, 1.65; all cardiovascular disease mortality: HR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.76, 1.95). The lack of significant association with cardiovascular disease endpoints was also confirmed when analyses were further stratified by tertiles of baseline plasma selenium concentrations. These findings indicate no overall effect of selenium supplementation on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in this population.
e17508 Background: The 2014 Surgeon General’s Report concluded that smoking causes adverse outcomes and increased mortality in cancer patients. However, there are limited data on how to improve access to tobacco cessation services for cancer patients. Methods: In 2012, parallel surveys were sent to members of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) asking about tobacco assessment and cessation practices, perceptions of tobacco use, and barriers to providing cessation support for cancer patients. A follow up survey was delivered in 2013 to physicians at NCI Designated Cancer Centers (NDCC) providing potential solutions to deficits in tobacco cessation support for cancer patients. Results: A total of 1,507 responses were received for the IASLC survey (40% response), 1,197 responses for the ASCO survey (7% response), and 887 responses for the NDCC survey (13% response). Whereas 90% of respondents from all surveys reported regularly asking their patients about tobacco use and 87-92% reported believing tobacco use affects cancer outcomes, only 35-44% regularly discuss medications or assist with tobacco cessation. Lack of training in tobacco cessation interventions was reported as a dominant barrier to providing cessation support, but most physicians preferred that someone else in their clinic receive training. Nearly all respondents (99%) preferred that another clinical provider deliver cessation support, correlating with a high number of physicians reporting lack of time (45-70%) and resources (48-56%) as other dominant barriers. Only 11% reported concerns about cessation medications as a barrier to cessation support. Conclusions: The physicians who responded believe addressing tobacco use is an important part of cancer care and most ask about tobacco use, but few provide cessation support. To address the deleterious health effects that smoking causes in cancer patients, dedicated cessation support services are needed.
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the feasibility of implementing a diet‐based intervention in men with prostate cancer on active surveillance, as changes in diet might potentially inhibit the progression of prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS As part of the Men’s Eating and Living (MEAL) Study (a multicentre pilot trial of a diet‐based intervention for prostate cancer) 43 men aged 50–80 years with prostate cancer and on active surveillance were randomized to receive either telephone‐based dietary counselling or standardized, written nutritional information. Telephone counselling targets included increased intakes of vegetables (particularly cruciferous vegetables and tomato products), whole grains, and beans/legumes. Dietary intakes and plasma carotenoid levels were assessed at baseline and at after 6 months. RESULTS In the intervention arm the mean daily intakes of total vegetables, crucifers and tomato products increased by 71%, 180% and 265%, respectively ( P < 0.05); in the control arm there were no significant changes in mean intakes of these components. Similarly, in the intervention arm, mean plasma levels of α‐carotene, β‐carotene, lutein, lycopene and total carotenoids increased by 37%, 32%, 23%, 30% and 25%, respectively ( P < 0.05); in the control arm there were no significant changes in plasma levels of these components. There were no significant changes in either group in whole grain, beans/legumes, or fat intake. CONCLUSIONS Telephone‐based dietary counselling increases vegetable intake and plasma concentrations of potentially anticarcinogenic carotenoids in men with prostate cancer on active surveillance. These data support the feasibility of implementing clinical trials of diet‐based interventions in this population.
OBJECTIVE: In this case-control study, occupational histories were used to assess the relation between risk of breast cancer and employment in professional and managerial occupations while adjusting for reproductive and other risk factors. METHODS: Incident, primary, female cases of breast cancer diagnosed between 1986 and 1991, and randomly selected controls were interviewed to obtain detailed medical, reproductive, and occupational histories. Mantel-Haenszel crude odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to estimate risk of breast cancer related to the job of longest duration. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate crude and adjusted ORs and 95% CIs associated with having ever been employed and duration of employment in a professional or managerial occupation. RESULTS: A non-significant threefold increase in risk was found among premenopausal women whose major job was in the occupational category of precision production, craft, and repair (95% CI 0.90 to 20.35). No increase in risk was found for premenopausal women whose major job was a managerial or professional occupation. However, an inverse relation between risk of premenopausal breast cancer and having ever held a professional or managerial job was observed (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.82). This relation was strongest for women who worked one to 10 years (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.77). Postmenopausal breast cancer was not related to professional and managerial employment. CONCLUSIONS: In this population, employment in professional and managerial occupations is not associated with postmenopausal risk of breast cancer, but seems to be related to a reduction in risk of premenopausal breast cancer. Methodological limitations of this study including response rates are discussed.
Abstract Excess weight near the time of diagnosis is a well‐established risk factor for endometrial cancer; less is known about the influence of weight at earlier periods of a woman's life or weight gain in adulthood In a case‐control study in western New York State, interviews were conducted with 232 incident endometrial cancer cases, diagnosed between 1986 and 1991, and 631 community controls. Body mass index at 16 years of age and 20,10, and 2 years before interview and changes in body mass index between these time periods were examined. While being relatively heavy at 16 years of age was associated with slightly increased risk [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.84–1.96], large gains over the entire period from 16 years of age to 2 years ago (OR = 3.45, CI = 2.13–5.57) and high body mass index close to the time of diagnosis (OR = 3.21, CI = 2.01–5.15) were associated with greater risk. Differences in mean body mass index between cases and controls increased over time.
'%3e%3cpath fill='%23012169' d='M0 0v30h60V0z'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' stroke-width='6' d='m0 0 60 30m0-30L0 30'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23C8102E' stroke-width='4' d='m0 0 60 30m0-30L0 30' clip-path='url(%23b)'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' stroke-width='10' d='M30 0v30M0 15h60'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23C8102E' stroke-width='6' d='M30 0v30M0 15h60'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)
