We integrated clinical, histopathological, and molecular data of central nervous system germ cell tumors to provide insights into their management.Data from the Intracranial Germ Cell Tumor Genome Analysis (iGCT) Consortium were reviewed. A total of 190 cases were classified as primary germ cell tumors (GCTs) based on central pathological reviews.All but one of the cases that were bifocal (neurohypophysis and pineal glands) and cases with multiple lesions including neurohypophysis or pineal gland were germinomas (34 of 35). Age was significantly higher in patients with germinoma than other histologies. Comparison between tumor marker and histopathological diagnoses showed that 18.2% of histopathologically diagnosed germinomas were marker positive and 6.1% of non-germinomatous GCTs were marker negative, suggesting a limitation in the utility of markers or histopathology alone using small specimens for diagnosis. Comparison between local and central histopathological diagnoses revealed a discordance of 12.7%. Discordance was significantly less frequent in biopsy cases, implying difficulty in detecting all histopathological components of heterogeneous GCTs. Germinomas at the typical sites (neurohypophysis or pineal gland) showed a better progression-free survival than those at atypical sites (P = 0.03). A molecular clinical association study revealed frequent mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway mutations in males (51.4% vs 14.3%, P = 0.007), and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/mTOR) pathway mutations in basal ganglia cases (P = 0.004). Basal ganglia cases also had frequent chromosomal losses. Some chromosomal aberrations (2q, 8q gain, 5q, 9p/q, 13q, 15q loss) showed potential prognostic significance.The in-depth findings of this study regarding clinical and molecular heterogeneity will increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of this enigmatic tumor.
Research the Mechanism of Various Antineoplastic Agents with Use of Flow Cytometry in Vitro Glioma Cells 309 in IFN and S and G 2 M blocks in TMZ.From now on everyone expects these effects that IFN made the sensitivity of TMZ up via p 53 via the suppression of MGMT gene, in the view of pharmacology.It might be hard to ensure, even if experimentally, clinically and also in view of cost, these synergy effects between radiation and antineoplastic agents.However, when we consider the combination of therapeutic alternations and additional methods, we concluded that the study of cell kinetics with FCM and LSC, one of data considered like these, is very effective. AbbreviationInterferon), PCZ(Procarbazine), VCR(Vincristine), TMZ (Temozolomide), CDDP(Cisplatin), CBDCA(Carboplatin), BBB: Blood Brain Barrier, APL : acute promyelocytic leukemia
