Nima Yakhchalian

Razi University

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Isaac Karimi

Razi University

Layth Jasim Mohammed

University of Babylon

Mohammed R. Judi

Razi University

Huda H. Al-Hasnawy

University of Babylon

Hider M. H. AL-SHIRIFI

Razi University

Hiba Jasim Hamza

University of Babylon

Namdar Yousofvand

Razi University

Shahram Miraghaee

Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences

Zuhair Mohammed Ali Jeddoa

Al-Zahraa University for Women

Sabrean Farhan Jawad

University of Babylon

Cooperative Institutions

Razi University

University of Babylon

University of Karbala

Urmia University

University of Victoria

Uppsala University

Brain Physiology Lab

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mohammed VI

Mohamed I University

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Oujda

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Holigrative behavioural analysis:Psychome Hypothesis

Nima Yakhchalian

Psychology seeks to undestand human behavioural processes and mental activities,it just could be done in the way of mind space mechanisms investigation occuring in complicated networks in brain,composing of a large amount of intracting factors,in both unconscious and conscious levels,there is probably a specific interconnection between unconscious and conscious states of human mind,unconscious specific impulses have a special intractive motif with our special conscious states of our mind.Many biological roots are known for specific human behaviours,from molecular mechanisms to macroscale neurophysiological processes.psychodynamic theory helps us to have a holigrative (holistic and integrative) interpretation of human behaviours,in the light of psychoanalyctics.This significant psychological theory,could be matched with other biological roots,to give neuroscientists a deeper and more intricate and precise cognizance of human psychological make-up structure and function.I call this holigrative approach,in behavioual analysis as psychome Hypothesis.psychome hypothesis, seeks to realize deeper essential and indispensible factors influencing our behaviour from both unconscious and conscious states of mind,also tries to integrate all these known factors and make a behavioural graph in order to describe our behaviours completely.

Psychodynamics

Psychological Theory

10.6084/m9.figshare.4496870.v11

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A Computational Effort to Untangling Anti-Sars-Cov-2 Effects of Oleanolic Acid Analogues

Layth Jasim Mohammed Isaac Karimi Jasim Mohammed Abdulhussein Zuhair Mohammed Ali Jeddoa Sabrean Farhan Jawad

Considering the current global pandemic and the urgent need to introduce novel drug candidates against severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we reported at least four antipyretic recipes of Kurdish ethnomedicine which can be translated to functional antiviral formulations in orthodox medicine. Our current demanding computational work places much emphasis upon the implications of oleanolic acid and its analogues as a cluster of binder candidates of the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 which having a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Through molecular docking and simulation studies, we found oleanolic acid (-12.6 Kcal/mol) and its two analogues (OA11; ligand I (-14.2 Kcal/mol)) and (OA31; ligand II (-14.0 Kcal/mol)) bound with Mpro (PDB: 6Y84) more reliable and trustful than saquinavir (-8.1 Kcal/mol) as a canonical drug. [2] Salaspermic acid, (3b)-3-{[(2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]oxy}olean-12-en-28-oic acid, OA37 and OA40 interacted with catalytic dyad and major amino acid residues of active sites of Mpro and these toxic compounds should be considered in future anti-protease drug design. Overall, the current study seized the attention of experimentalists to the new set of anti-protease pentacyclic triterpenoids that should to be assayed against SARS-CoV-2 at invitro or in clinical settings of COVID-19.

2019-20 coronavirus outbreak

10.2139/ssrn.4656529

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Hematological and Serum Biochemical Analysis of Streptozotocin-Induced Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Male Adult Wistar Rats

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (2018)

Nima Yakhchalian Nasim Mohammadian Kazem Hatami Hamed Nosrati Namdar Yousofvand

Abstract Background This investigation is concentrated on how hematological and serum biochemical markers would change in streptozotocin-induced Insulin-Dependent diabetes mellitus(IDDM) in male adult wistar rats. Hematological parameters, serum protein electrophoresis parameters and hepatic transaminases level (SGOT-SGPT) were all measured in both control group rats (N=6) and diabetic group rats (N=6) and comparison between two groups was performed. Material and Method Single dose intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg dose of streptozotocin(STZ) in male adult wistar rats, induces extensive necrosis in langerhans β-cell islets, because of its cytotoxicity. Experimental diabetes mellitus can be induced completely in less than 72 hours after STZ intraperitoneal injection. Streptozotocin(STZ) was purchased from Sigma company. Diabetic and control group rats were kept separately in different metabolic cages, and their blood glucose(BG), hematological parameters, serum protein electrophoretic pattern and hepatic transaminases level were analyzed and comparison was done. Results In our investigation, Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus(IDDM) was completely induced one week after single intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg BW. Diabetes mellitus induction was verified by measuring fasting plasma glucose level in blood samples of rats. Level of blood glucose, hematological parameters, serum protein electrophoretic pattern and hepatic transaminase enzymes level, were all measured. In diabetic group rats level of blood glucose (BG), hepatic transaminase enzymes (SGOT & SGPT), serum α1-globulin and β-globulin were significantly increased but in albumin, albumin/globulin ratio (A/G ratio) and serum α2-globulin a significant decrease was observed in diabetic rats in comparison with normal rats. Conclusion Extensive inflammation and tissue necrosis induced following diabetes mellitus induction in rats. Significant alterations were observed in serum protein electrophoresis fractions and hepatic transaminase enzymes level due to streptozotocin cytotoxic impacts on some tissues specifically liver. Because of extensive β-cells necrosis and degeneration caused by streptozotocin exposure, high level of blood glucose(diabetic hyperglycemia) was observed in diabetic rats. This type of experimentally induced diabetes mellitus would highly affect hematological parameters. Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus induced by streptozotocin, can lead to anemia, neutrophilia and lymphocytosis and also has decreasing effects on red blood cell indices (HGB, MCV, MCH, MCHC) in diabetic group rats.

Intraperitoneal injection

Aspartate transaminase

10.1101/359844

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Phylogenetic Analysis Detected Newly Identified Phylogroups in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates in Iraq

Authorea (Authorea) (2024)

Nima Yakhchalian Hiba Jasim Hamza Huda H. Al-Hasnawy Layth Jasim Mohammed Mohammed R. Judi

Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains have been classified into eight distinct phylogenetic clusters as per a novel quadruplex PCR method. Nevertheless, the precise phylogenetic relationship among these bacterial lineages remains unclear. The Clermont phylotyping method has been utilized by the current study to further clarify E. coli phylogenetic clusters and assess resistance to antibiotics showed by uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strains in Iraq. Forty-two UPEC isolates were assessed for antibiotic sensitivity through a disk diffusion test, and the novel Clermont phylotyping method was utilized for the phylogenetic identification of isolates. The research findings revealed the varying prevalence of distinct phylogroups at the hospitals of Babylon province, Iraq, with Phylogroup B2, as the predominant group accounting for 47.61%, followed by Clade I (14.28%), B1 (11.90%), A (9.52%), D (4.76%), C (2.38%), and an unidentified phylogroup (9.52%). Additionally, out of the 42 Uropathogenic E. coli isolates studied, 37 (88.09%) showed multidrug resistance (MDR) and 5 isolates (11.90%) displayed extensive drug resistance (XDR). MDR and XDR strains within Phylogroup B2 accounted for 17 out of 37 cases (45.24%) and 3 out of a total of 5 cases (60%), respectively, indicating a large proportion of MDR and XDR UPEC isolates within phylogroup B2. Moreover, two new phylogroups, namely C and clade I, were identified, linked respectively to E. coli sensu stricto and cryptic E. coli. Thus, further studies are required to be conducted elsewhere to gain a better perception of both antibiotic-resistance characteristics and the occurrence of diverse phylogroups in Iraq.

10.22541/au.170602019.97747088/v1

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WITHDRAWN: Phylogenetic Analysis Detected Newly Identified Phylogroups in UropathogenicEscherichia coliIsolates in Iraq

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (2023)

Hiba Jasim Hamza Huda H. Al-Hasnawy Layth Jasim Mohammed Mohammed R. Judi Hider M. H. AL-SHIRIFI

Withdrawal Statement medRxiv has withdrawn this manuscript as it was submitted and made public without the full consent of all the authors. Therefore, this work should not be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.

10.1101/2023.12.29.23300529

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PHARMACOGENOMIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR PRESCRIBING THE ANTIDEPRESSANT FLUOXETINE: A REVIEW IN PERSONALIZED MEDICINE

Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2022)

Isaac Karimi Nima Yakhchalian Mazyar Fathi Shahram Miraghaee

The worthwhile intellectual synthesis proposing that nothing makes sense except in light of context has also revolutionized pharmaceutical science putting patients’ genomic context at the center of attention in a rapidly developing area known as pharmacogenomics. As a result, an alternative approach to medicine referred to as personalized medicine was born considering the individual-specific genomic context the hardcore of any diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic intervention. Therefore, a considerable need has been created to address questions based on the underlying genotypic characteristics of patients. Depressive spectrum disorders are a cluster of closely-linked psychiatric disorders with a growing incidence rate across the world. Although there are multiple therapeutic approaches to treating depressive spectrum disorders, pharmacotherapy is still considered one of the most effective strategies. Among the therapeutic antidepressant drugs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are most widely prescribed. Fluoxetine (FLX) is a highly valued SSRI which is broadly ordered by psychiatric practitioners to treat miscellaneous psychological disorders, including depressive spectrum disorders, anxiety spectrum disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Although FLX therapy can bring about a positive therapeutic effect on a considerable proportion of depressed patients, it does not elicit a favorable response in 30-40% of patients owing to the presence of genomic variations negatively affecting the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of this medication. This challenging fact has led us to conduct current research on how genotypic variations at the inter-individual level can heavily affect the response to FLX therapy. Peer Review History: Received: 2 May 2022; Revised: 9 June; Accepted: 28 June, Available online: 15 July 2022 Academic Editor: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Princess Nourah bint abdulrahman university, Riyadh, amalbgadley@pnu.edu.sa UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, shmahe@yemen.net.ye Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com Similar Articles: PREVALENCE AND SEVERITY OF DEPRESSION AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS IN YENAGOA, SOUTHERN NIGERIA

Pharmacogenomics

Personalized Medicine

Pharmacotherapy

10.22270/ujpr.v7i3.779

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Molecular Analysis of Non-structural Protein 1 (NSP1) in Children Infected with Rotavirus in Babylon Province, Iraq: A Cross-Sectional Study

Authorea (Authorea) (2024)

Nima Yakhchalian Mohammed Ali Mohsen Zaytoon A. Al-Khafaji Jasim Mohammed

Globally, a considerable number of infants and children younger than five are falling victim to diarrheal diseases predominantly caused by rotaviruses, which are non-enveloped, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses able to cause acute gastroeteritis and extragastrointestinal complications. Annually, human rotaviruses cause two million hospitalizations and over 500,000 deaths worldwide. Rotaviral replication, pathogenesis, and immune evasion are propagated by non-structural protein 1 (NSP1), encoded by segment five of their dsRNA genome. We examined 60 urine and stool samples from children aged 2-60 months admitted to an Obstetric and Children Hospital in Babylon over a 60-day time period with the diagnosis of acute group A rotavirus gastroenteritis. This study aimed to check the presence of NSP1 by immunochromatography assay and RT-qPCR. Immunochromatography assay detected NSP1 in 100% of urine and stool samples; however, RT-qPCR only detected it in 66.7% of urine and 50% of stool samples. RT-qPCR found 12 out of 30 urine and stool samples positive, accounting for 40% of participants. No significant correlations between RT-qPCR results and sociodemographic factors were found. Results found 73.3% of acute gastroenteritis cases were in children under two. Additionally, the urinary detection of NSP1 suggests that rotaviruses may cause extra-gastrointestinal infections, e.g., systemic infection or viremia.

Cross-sectional study

10.22541/au.170602030.08084590/v1

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