Objective To establish canine models of acute liver failure and explore if plasma perfusion after blue light irradiation for acute liver failure in dogs can markedly decrease their blood bilirubin.Methods Liver failure was surgically induced in 12 healthy male beagle dogs.The dogs with acute liver failure were divided into group A (n=6),treated with plasma perfusion,and group B (n=6),treated with blue light irradiation combined with plasma perfusion.Treatment effects were evaluated by testing and comparing the plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),total bilirubin (Tbil),direct bilirubin (Dbil),total protein (TB),globulin (GLB),and albumin (ALB) before and after the treatment.Results ALT,AST,Tbil,and Dbil significantly increased but TB,GLB,and ALB had no obvious change in both groups 14 days after the treatment,without statistical differences between the 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).ALT (A:119.3 ± 69.8,B:112.9 ± 102.2) and AST (A:103.5 ± 20.9,B:118.0 ± 32.6) decreased in both groups after treatment,with no statistical differences between the 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).After treatment,Tbil and Dbil significantly decreased in both groups (P ＜ 0.05).Tbil and Dbil (22.1 ± 7.8,11.4 ± 3.1) were significantly lower in group B than in group A (95.6 ± 21.5,48.9 ± 12.3b).TB (A:36.8 ± 4.6,B:39.9 ± 6.9),GLB (A:23.5 ± 2.9,B:23.0 ± 2.6),and ALB(A:25.0 ± 4.0,B:28.8 ± 3.0) significantly decreased in both groups,without statistical differences between the 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Blue light irradiation combined with plasma perfusion is more effective in decreasing blood bilirubin than conventional plasma perfusion.
Key words:
Liver failure; Plasma perfusion; Bilirubin; Blue light irradiation
Objective
To observe the effect of Ziyin-Jianghuo formula in treatment of Yin deficiency generating intrinsic heat type of the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters and estrogens in rats, and investigate its intervention in the neuroendocrine system.
Methods
There were 7 groups, which were sham operation group, model control group, estrogen tablet group, Gengnian capsule group, Ziyin-Jianghuo formula low, medium and high dose groups. Castration was performed by castration (extraction of ovaries) plus hot traditional Chinese medicine. The rats in the treatment group were given the above drugs 24 hours after the last administration of the hot Chinese medicine, once a day for 30 consecutive days. The sham operation group and the model control group were given an equal volume of purified water by simultaneous intragastric administration. The serum estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL) levels,uterine coefficient and monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) content in the hypothalamus were detected after 12 hours of the last treatment.
Results
Compared with the model group, the levels of serum FSH (4.39 ± 0.22 IU/L, 2.89 ± 0.91 IU/L, 2.84 ± 0.98 IU/L vs. 5.51 ± 0.24 IU/L), LH (14.48 ± 0.24 IU/L, 11.46 ± 0.33 IU/L, 5.28 ± 1.31 IU/L vs. 15.02 ± 0.37 IU/L) in the low, middle and high doses of Ziyin-Jianghuo formula significantly decreased (P<0.05), the levels of serum E2 (39.84 ± 6.08 pmol/L, 48.65 ± 6.77 pmol/L, 64.96 ± 7.97 pmol/L vs. 33.16 ± 4.62 pmol/L) significantly increased (P<0.05). The content of DA, 5-HT, 5-HIAA in the hypothalamus and the 5-HT/NE (0.48 ± 0.02, 0.43 ± 0.03, 0.27 ± 0.02 vs. 0.67 ± 0.02), 5-HIAA/5-HT (1.74 ± 0.09, 1.71 ± 0.10, 1.80 ± 0.17 vs. 2.00 ± 0.10) in the low, middle and high doses of Ziyin-Jianghuo formula significantly decreased (P<0.05), the content of NE (663.34 ± 9.81 ng/kg, 695.94 ± 10.54 ng/kg, 790.76 ± 16.35 ng/kg vs. 602.95 ± 13.24 ng/kg) in the hypothalamus in the low, middle and high doses of Ziyin-Jianghuo formula significantly increased (P<0.05). The levels of serum PRL (10.16 ± 1.26 μg/L, 7.22 ± 1.26 μg/L vs. 14.80 ± 1.64 μg/L) in the middle and high doses of Ziyin-Jianghuo formula significantly decreased (P<0.05).
Conclusions
The Ziyin-Jianghuo formula has a significant positive regulation effect on the neuroendocrine system of menopausal Yin deficiency generating intrinsic heat type of rats, and this process is dose-dependent and can improve a series of symptoms caused by autonomic dysfunction.
Key words:
Climacteric syndrome; Nourishing yin depressing fire; Yin deficiency generating intrinsic heat type; rats; Neuroendocrine function; Rats
Aim To observe the effects of medium chain triglyceride(MCT) on obesity and inflammatory reaction in type 2 diabetics mellitus(T2DM).MethodsWith total energy and fat consumption controlled,MCT group's patients took 100% MCT oil,MCT+long chain triglyceride(LCT) group's patients took 50% MCT oil+50% LCT oil and LCT group's patients took 100% LCT oil for 12 weeks.Blood Adiponectin and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1(MCP-1),mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ(PPARγ) in peripheral blood mononuclear cell were detected,body height,body weight,waistline and hipline were measured at 0,6 and 12 week.Then body mass index(BMI) and waist-hip ratio(WHR) were analyzed.ResultsCompared with LCT group,body weight,BMI and waistlines of 6 and 12 week in MCT and MCT+LCT groups were decreased and WHR of 12 week in MCT group was much decreased.Compared with LCT group,plasma adiponectin of 6 week in MCT and MCT+LCT groups were higher,plasma adiponectin of 12 week in MCT+LCT group were higher.Compared with LCT group,plasma MCP-1 of 6 wk in MCT group was lower.ConclusionsWith total energy and fat consumption controlled,the daily diet oil is replaced full or partly by MCT,the body weight and WHR decrease and the inflammatory reaction ameliorate in T2DM patients.So MCT possibly help to reduce atherosclerosis risk.
To observe the effect of pioglitazone on the levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNAs and the dose-dependent relationship in rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI).A total of 72 male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a sham operation group, a control group and three pioglitazone groups receiving doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg, with 12 rats in each group. Modified Feeney's free falling method was used to make TBI models; the sham operation group only had an operation but without combat; the pioglitazone groups were given pioglitazone at the doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg, respectively; the control group and sham operation group were given equal amount of placebo. The levels of PPARγ, TNF-α and IL-6 mRNAs in lesion brain tissues were detected by reverse transcription PCR 24 and 48 hours after injury.Twenty-four hours after the injury, the expression of PPARγ mRNA was up-regulated significantly in all pioglitazone groups, with significant difference between each pioglitazone group in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of TNF-α mRNA was significantly down-regulated in the treatment groups after injury. Twenty-four hours after the injury, the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNAs in the pioglitazone groups receiving the doses of 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg decreased compared with those in the group receiving 0.5 mg/kg pioglitazone.Pioglitazone inhibits inflammatory reaction by up-regulating the level of PPARγ mRNA and down-regulating the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNAs in rats with TBI.
The recent development of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has sparked increased interest in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, leading to the possibility of human exposure. The liver is the primary target organ in the metabolism and transport of nanoparticles. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common and leading cause of hepatic metabolic syndrome with approximately 15% of patients will develop into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, the potential hepatotoxicity of AgNPs on NAFLD development and progression should be of great concern. Herein, we explored the potential hepatic effect of a single intravenously injected dose of 0.5, 2.5, and 12.5 mg/kg BW on the liver function of high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed mice for 7 days. AgNP treatment increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, triglycerides and cholesterols, the number of lipid droplets, and the contents of triglycerides and cholesterols in NAFLD mice livers compared to HFD-fed mice. The mechanism of AgNP-induced worsen hepatotoxicity in mice is associated with hyperactivation of SREBP-1c-mediated de novo lipogenesis and liver inflammation. Additionally, HFD-fed mice treated with AgNPs had significantly higher oxidative damage and lower global DNA methylation and DNA hydroxymethylation than NAFLD mice. This study suggests that AgNP treatment exacerbated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis, liver inflammation, oxidative stress, and epigenetic changes in mice, which is relevant to the risk of AgNP exposure on NAFLD development and progression.
To observe the curative effects of transmetil on Amanita verna poisoning.Twelve cases with Amanita verna poisoning were reviewed. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to usage of transmetil: Group A was treated with traditional protocol (gastric lavage, catharsis, rehydration, diuresis, anti-infection and hemodialysis), Group B was treated with traditional protocol combined with transmetil. The liver function changes on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day after poisoning and the mortality were compared between 2 groups.Two cases in group A (6 patients) died. The mortality of group A was 33.3%. The AST levels continued to increase on the 3rd and 5th day, but decreased on the 7th day. TBIL continued to increased on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day. None in group B died. The TBIL level dropped at 7 d 5 patients showed an increase in ALT at 7 d and 3 patients showed a decrease in AST at 7 d.Transmetil may play an important role in reducing the mortality of Amanita verna poisoning.
Objective:To detect the expression of cyclooxygenase-2(cox-2) in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) and primany cervical cancer and to evaluate whether it could provide clinical significant informations.Methods:The expression of cox-2 was studied by immunohistochemical Strep-Aviodin-Biotin-enzyme-Complex method(S-ABC) in 16 cases of primany cervical cancer,39 cases of CIN and 8 cases of normal cervical tissue.Results:The positive rate in the CIN and cervical carcinoma was higher than normal cervical tissues(P0.05).The level of Cox-2 was higher in cancer samples compared respectively with cervical intraepithelial neoplasias(P0.05).The level of Cox-2 was higher in both CINⅡ and CINⅢ compared respectively with CINⅠ(P0.05).There was no significant difference of Cox-2 between CINⅡand CINⅢ(P0.05).Conclusion:The expression of Cox-2 is related to the generation of cervical cancer,and it plays an importment role in the generation and development of CIN.
Exogenous factors can induce protein expression and modify the proteome which sustains for a certain period of time. The proteins of SARS-CoV-2 are high in valine plus glycine, which possess potent affinity to divalent cations such as calcium. Calcium buildup changes the protein expression profile by enabling the efficient synthesis of proteins rich in amino acids with calcium affinity. Subsequent formation of insoluble and stiff calcium oxalate and aggregates confers cellular stress and causes cell senescence. This scenario accounts for sequelae seen in some patients following recovery from COVID-19.
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