Abstract Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex task, and at present, neuroimaging such as magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography is commonly used for the diagnosis of AD. This research work developed a new biosensing method with gold nanomaterial to identify AD biomarker of miRNA‐137. Gold nanourchin (GNU) was attached on the interdigitated electrode through the silane linker and COOH‐ended capture oligonucleotide was immobilized on the GNU surface. This surface helps to quantify the target sequence of miRNA‐137 and the detection limit reached to 0.01 pM on the linear range of 0.01–100 pM. With 3δ calculation on the linearity, the determination coefficient was noticed as y = 1.2867 x − 2.2697; R 2 = 0.9059. The control performances did not show a significant response, indicating the specific identification of target.
Modified silica aerogels were prepared with polyethoxydisiloxanes (E-40) followed by silylation of alcogels and ethanol supercritical drying. Trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) and dimethyldimethoxysilane (DMMOS) were used as the silylation agents. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nitrogen sorption techniques were used to characterise the modified and unmodified silica aerogels. The existence of the methyl groups on the internal surface of aerogels was observed with an infrared and 29 Si magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (MAS-NMR). The thermal conductivities of silica aerogels were measured as a function of air pressure and mixture (air and water vapour) pressure, respectively. The results were discussed by considering the adsorption of water vapour by the silica aerogels.
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) is associated with high mortality and disability. Accurately predicting adverse prognostic risks of SICH is helpful in developing risk stratification and precision medicine strategies for this phenomenon.We analyzed 413 patients with SICH admitted to Hefei Second People's Hospital as a training cohort, considering 74 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University for external validation. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to select risk factors for 90-day functional outcomes, and a nomogram was developed to predict their incidence in patients. Discrimination, fitting performance, and clinical utility of the resulting nomogram were evaluated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), calibration plots, and decision curves analysis (DCA), respectively.Of the 413 patients, 180 had a poor prognosis. Univariate analysis showed significant variance of age, systolic pressure, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, and hematoma volume between the groups (p < 0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that age, IVH, NIHSS, and hematoma volume were associated with unfavorable outcomes. Based on the results, a nomogram model was developed with an area under the ROC curve of 0.91 (95% CI; 0.88-0.94) and 0.89 (95% CI; 0.80-0.95) in the training and validation sets, respectively. In the validation set, the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of the model were 0.851, 0.923, 0.812, 0.727, and 0.951, respectively. The calibration plot demonstrates the goodness of fit between the nomogram predictions and actual observations. Finally, DCA indicated significant clinical adaptability.We developed and validated a short-term prognostic nomogram model for patients with SICH including NIHSS scores, age, hematoma volume, and IVH. This model has valuable potential in predicting the prognosis of patients with SICH.
It is unclear whether patients with different stroke/transient ischemic attack etiologies benefit differently from gene-directed dual antiplatelet therapy. This study explored the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor-aspirin versus clopidogrel-aspirin in transient ischemic attack or minor stroke with different causes in the CHANCE-2 trial (Clopidogrel in High-Risk Patients With Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events-II).This was a prespecified analysis of the CHANCE-2 trial, which enrolled 6412 patients with minor stroke or transient ischemic attack who carried CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles. Patients with centralized evaluation of TOAST (Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment) classification of large-artery atherosclerosis, small-vessel occlusion, and stroke of undetermined cause were included. The primary efficacy outcome was new stroke, and the primary safety outcome was severe or moderate bleeding, both within 90 days. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the interaction of TOAST classification with the effects of dual antiplatelet therapy with ticagrelor-aspirin versus clopidogrel-aspirin.A total of 6336 patients were included in this study. In patients administered ticagrelor-aspirin and clopidogrel-aspirin, respectively, stroke recurred in 85 (9.8%) and 88 (10.7%) patients with large-artery atherosclerosis (hazard ratio, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.63-1.18]; P=0.34); 32 (3.6%) and 61 (7.0%) patients with small-vessel occlusion (hazard ratio, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.33-0.79]; P=0.002); and 68 (4.8%) and 87 (5.9%) patients with stroke of undetermined cause (hazard ratio, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.58-1.10]; P=0.17), with P=0.08 for the treatment×cause subtype interaction effect. There were no significant differences in severe or moderate bleeding events in patients with different cause and different treatment.In this prespecified analysis of the CHANCE-2 trial, the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor-aspirin versus clopidogrel-aspirin in preventing new stroke were consistent in patients with different causes. The influence of stroke cause on benefit of gene-guided antiplatelet therapy should be explored by further trials.URL: https://www.gov; Unique identifier: NCT04078737.
Glioma is the foremost recurrent type of brain tumor in humans; in particular, glioblastoma (GBM) is the main form of brain tumor (GBM) that is highly proliferative and impervious to apoptosis. Triphlorethol-A (TA), a phlorotannin isolated from Ecklonia cava, exhibited cytoprotective, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. However, the exact molecular action of TA in the U251 human GBM cells remains unknown. This may be the first report on the antiproliferative and apoptotic mechanisms of TA on GBM. The cytotoxicity, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), and cell apoptosis activity of TA have been evaluated by the MTT assay and by DCFH-DA, Rh-123, AO/EB, and western blot analysis. The results obtained showed that TA abridged the viability of U251 cells, while MMP increased apoptosis by increasing the ROS levels in a time-dependent manner. The results showed that a reduction in U251 cell proliferation was associated with the regulation of JAK2/STAT3 and p38 MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. TA was found to suppress pJAK, pSTAT3, p38 MAPK, and pERK phosphorylation, thereby causing Bax/Bcl-2 imbalance, activating the caspase cascade and cytochrome c, and inducing apoptosis. Our findings showed that the suppression of JAK2/STAT3 and p38 MAPK/ERK signaling by TA results in cell growth arrest and stimulation of apoptosis in GBM cells. These studies justify the protective remedy of TA against GBM.
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