Ilse Schoneveld

University of Amsterdam

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Ben Berkhout

University of Amsterdam

Belinda B. Oude Essink

Academic Medical Center

Karien M. Hamer

Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences

Roel van Driel

University of Amsterdam

Jan L. den Blaauwen

University of Amsterdam

Arie P. Otte

BOKU University

Marlene J. Reijnen

University of Amsterdam

Caro Lambrechts

The Netherlands Cancer Institute

Cooperative Institutions

University of Amsterdam

Academic Medical Center

Utrecht University

Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience

Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research

Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc

University of Wah

Radboud University Nijmegen

Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences

University Medical Center Utrecht

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Polycomb and bmi-1 homologs are expressed in overlapping patterns in Xenopus embryos and are able to interact with each other

Mechanisms of Development (1995)

Marlene J. Reijnen Karien M. Hamer Jan L. den Blaauwen Caro Lambrechts Ilse Schoneveld

Polycomb-group proteins

Homology

10.1016/0925-4773(95)00422-x

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Citations (52)

In vitro dimerization of HIV-2 leader RNA in the absence of PuGGAPuA motifs.

The FASEB Journal (1993)

Ben Berkhout Belinda B. Oude Essink Ilse Schoneveld

Retroviral particles contain a dimeric genome consisting of two full-length, noncovalently linked RNA molecules. Linkage of the two genomes is thought to be critical for a productive reverse transcription reaction and may increase genetic recombination rates. The molecular nature of the dimer linkage structure (DLS) is poorly understood. It was recently shown that in vitro synthesized retroviral transcripts can dimerize in the absence of protein factors. We studied in vitro dimerization of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) RNA. Specific dimerization of HIV-2 RNAs was observed upon incubation at 37°C in high-salt buffer. Previously, physical and biochemical studies have mapped dimer linkage structures in retroviral leader RNA close to the gag open reading frame. In this study, we found efficient dimerization of HIV-2 RNAs containing only the 5′ terminal 255 nucleotides of the leader RNA. Therefore, it seems likely that multiple dimerization signals are present in retroviral leader RNA. The implications for genome dimerization and genome packaging are discussed.— Berkhout, B., Oude Essink, B. B., Schoneveld, I. In vitro dimerization of HIV-2 leader RNA in the absence of PuGGAPuA motifs. FASEB J. 7: 181-187; 1993.

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10.1096/fasebj.7.1.8422965

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Citations (42)

Secondary structure of the HIV-2 leader RNA comprising the tRNA-primer binding site

Nucleic Acids Research (1993)

Ben Berkhout Ilse Schoneveld

The initiation of reverse transcription of a retrovlral RNA genome occurs by a tRNA primer bound near the 5′ end of the genomlc RNA at a position called the primer-binding site (PBS). To understand the molecular basis for this RNA-RNA interaction, the secondary structure of the leader RNA of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) RNA was analyzed. in vitro synthesized HIV-2 RNA was probed with various structure-specific enzymes and chemicals. A computer program was then used to predict the secondary structure consistent with these data. In addition, the nucleotide sequences of different HIV-2 Isolates were used to screen for the occurrence of covariation among putative base pairs. The primary sequences have diverged rapidly in some HIV-2 isolates, however, some strikingly conserved secondary structure elements were identified. Most nucleotides in the leader region are involved in base pairing. An exception is the PBS sequence, of which 15 out of 18 nucleotides are exposed in an internal loop. These findings suggest that the overall structure of the HIV-2 genome has evolved to facilitate an optimal interaction with its tRNA primer.

Primer binding site

Primer (cosmetics)

10.1093/nar/21.5.1171

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Citations (73)