To investigate the key parameters of three-dimensional anatomy of the proximal humerus and compare the differences between male and female, and between left and right sides in Chinese by volume rendering technique with multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) so as to provide a reference for a new prosthesis of the proximal humerus which can adjust to the anatomical characteristics of Chinese.A total of 100 healthy volunteers were collected from Chongqing of China, including 59 males and 41 females with an average age of 40.4 years (range, 21-57 years). The humeral retroversion angle (RA), neck-shaft angle (NSA), medial offset (MO), and posterior offset (PO) were measured by volume rendering technique with MSCT. The average values were compared between male and female and between left and right sides, the correlation of these parameters was also analysed.In 100 volunteers (200 sides), the RA was (19.9 +/- 10.6)degrees, the NSA was (134.7 +/- 3.8)degrees, the MO was (4.0 +/- 1.1) mm, and the PO was (2.6 +/- 1.3) mm. There were significant differences in RA and MO between left and right sides (P < 0.05); there was no significant difference in NSA and PO between left and right sides (P > 0.05). The PO and RA of both sides in male were significantly larger than those in female (P < 0.05); the NSA and MO in male were similar to those in female (P > 0.05). PO was correlated positively with RA (r = 0.617, P = 0.000); MO was not correlated with NSA (r = - 0.124, P = 0.081).Because of significant side differences in RA and MO, and significant gender differences in RA and PO, the differences should be considered in the design of new proximal humeral prosthesis and proximal humerus reconstruction.
To verify the accuracy of measurement of humeral head retroversion angle with multislice spiral computerized tomography (MSCT) volume rendering technique.Twenty cadaveric humeri, 9 left and 11 right, free from traumatic or degenerative disfigurement, were harvested from embalmed cadavers. Before all soft tissues were removed by sharp dissection these humeri were scanned with 16 slice spiral CT scanner (CT1 group); then underwent anatomical measurement (anatomical measuring group); and at last, these humeri with marked anatomic neck were scanned with 16 slice spiral CT scanner again (CT2 group). The measurement was done by 2 orthopedists independently so as to diminish the measuring error. The differences in the humeral head retroversion angle between the CT1 group and anatomical measuring group, and the CT2 group and anatomical measuring group were analyzed with paired-samples T test.It showed that the results have no significant difference among them. The difference in the average value of humeral head retroversion angle between the CT1 group and anatomical measuring group was 1.64 degrees, and that between the CT2 group and anatomical measuring group was 0.65 degrees.Simple, fast, and precise, and suitable for clinical application, MSCT volume rendering technique can be used preoperatively, thus helping to realize the idea of individualization of shoulder arthroplasty and shoulder prosthesis. Although this technique is easy to be influence by the subjective factors of the observers, increase of experience and rational measurement may minimize the measurement error.
To analyze the features of small hepotocellular carcinoma (SHCC) by spin echo (SE) sequence and dynamic enhanced FMPSPGR, and to compare the sensitivity for detecting and the accuracy for characterization, further to discuss the value of FMPSPGR in the diagnosis of SHCC.SE T(1)WI, T(2)WI and FMPSPGR dynamic imaging of the liver were performed for 58 patients with SHCC. The sensitivity for detecting and accuracy for characterization were statistically compared.Seventy-two lesions were found in 58 patients. In the detection of SHCC, the order of the sensitivity was dynamic enhanced FMPSPGR>SE T(2)WI>no-enhanced FMPSPGR>SE T(1)WI. Dynamic enhanced FMPSPGR was significantly higher than any of the others. There was significant difference between no-enhanced FMPSPGR and SE T(2)WI, but not significant difference between T(2)WI and no-enhanced FMPSPGR. In the characterization of SHCC, the accuracy of pre- and post-contrast FMPSPGR was significantly higher than that of SE (T(1)WI+T(2)WI) with remarkable statistical difference.FMPSPGR dynamic imaging is superior to SE in the detection and characterization of SHCC. The sensitivity for detecting and the accuracy for characterization will be improved when both FMPSPGR and SE are used.
Objective:To evaluate accuracy of measurement of cervical intervertebral foraminal area using3-DCT in cadaveric specimens.Method:Five cadaveric cervical spines were dissected in vertical direction to in-tervertebral foramine from C2to C7.The cross sectional foraminal areas were measured and anatomic shape was observed.Specimens were examined with SCT.Images were transmitted to Sun Workstation and reconstruct-ed at different thresholds.The cross sectional foraminal area were measured and their results were compared with measurements of the same foramines after dissections.Result:There were no statistically significant differ-ences(P0.05)between3DCT measure at300Hu and specimen measure.Conclusion:Intervertebral foraminal area and shape are evaluated accurately with3-DCT.
To investigate and analyze the three-dimensional anatomic structure of glenoid bone in some Chinese people so as to provide the accurate anatomic data to design the new prosthesis of glenoid bone for Chinese people.A total of 90 volunteers with two healthy shoulders (52 males and 38 females, aging 19-60 years with an average of 39.6 years) were selected. Five parameters were measured by use of three-dimensional computed tomography, volume rendering technique (VRT) and multiplanar reformation (MPR), including the maximum antero-posterior width (MAPW), antero-posterior radius of curvature (APROC), maximum supero-inferior height (MSIH), supero-inferior radius of curvature (SIROC) and version angle (VA) of glenoid. All parameters were measured two times, and the average values were analysed by SPSS13.0. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05.The average MAPW was (2.51 +/- 0.32) cm, the average APROC was (5.50 +/- 1.21) cm, the average MSIH was (3.45 +/- 0.29) cm, the average SIROC was (3.98 +/- 0.55) cm, and the average VA was (-0.03 +/- 4.66) degrees. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in MAPW, APROC, MSIH, SIROC and VA between two sides. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in MAPW, MSIH, SIROC and VA, and no significant difference (P > 0.05) in APROC between female and male. MAPW was correlated with APROC, MAPW was correlated with MSIH, APROC was correlated with SIROC, and the correlation coefficient was 0.298, 0.495 and 0.262, respectively.There are no significant differences in MAPW, APROC, MSIH, SIROC and VA of glenoid between two sides. There are sexual significant differences in MAPW, MSIH, SIROC and VA. The data and its statistical results may serve as guidelines for the design of the glenoid component.
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