To investigate the predictive factors for the resolution of retinal fluid after intravitreal injections of ranibizumab (IVRs) for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).
Methods
Forty-seven eyes of 45 patients with symptomatic PCV received 0.5 mg of IVR monthly for 3 months. One month after the third IVR, the presence of dry macula, defined as absence of retinal fluid as detected by the use of optical coherence tomography, was retrospectively evaluated and correlated with clinical characteristics at baseline. Most of the eyes were followed for over 6 months.
Results
Of the 47 eyes, 31 eyes (66%) achieved the dry macula along with increased best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (0.64 to 0.46 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution units, p<0.0001), while the other 16 eyes without dry macula showed no significant change of BCVA. Univariate analyses of the baseline characteristics identified the smaller size of the largest polyp (p=0.0008) and the absence of serous or haemorrhagic pigment epithelial detachment (p=0.045) as predictive factors for the dry macula. Multivariate logistic regression found the independent predictor for the dry macula to be the smaller size of the largest polyp (p=0.001). No severe systemic or ocular adverse events were observed.
Conclusions
IVR may be helpful for resolution of retinal fluid and increased BCVA in the short term, but larger polyps and pigment epithelial detachments at baseline may be negative prognostic factors for a therapeutic response. Further studies are needed to clarify the long-term efficacy of IVR for PCV.
Although megacities in developed countries have recently been experiencing a trend towards population increases or a “back-to-the-city-centre movement,” the COVID-19 pandemic has drastically deprived urban residents of the freedom to aggregate and travel, and there appears to be a re-evaluation of the natural attractions of the outer suburbs motivated by an increased tolerance towards working from home. Residential preference in megacities after the pandemic have perhaps been polarised in a tug-of-war between the centre of metropolitan areas and their outer suburbs. This study uses Tokyo as an example to detect the polarised location of residential preferences by analysing how residential preference varies according to socio-geographic factors. Using an online questionnaire survey administered in 13 cities in the Tokyo metropolitan area, 3,439 respondents’ residential preferences were related to their socio-geographical circumstances with a multilevel logistic model. The results support the idea that residential preferences are being increasingly polarised in a tug-of-war between the centre of the metropolis and the outer suburbs. The implications for the future retrofit and planning of all suburbs are discussed, considering inner suburbs where the possibility of post-COVID-19 population decline exists.
Abstract Das Diazoacenaphthenon (I) und Dehydrobenzol (II) reagieren infolge einer sigmatropen Umlagerung des primären Adduktes (III) zum N‐Acylindazol (IV).
