The search for novel drugs and alternative medicine has led to increased research in medicinal plants. Among such plants is the orange fruit. Its peels have been utilized for long as an active ingredient in most traditional medicines. This study aims at investigating the chemical properties of the hexane and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of orange peel as well as their biological potentials. Blended peels were extracted with n-hexane and n-dichloromethane, respectively. The resulting extracts were subjected to gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) characterization. The extracts were also assayed for free radical scavenging ability against 1,1 –diphenyl –2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), antioxidative burst via measuring luminol –amplified chemiluminescence response in human blood, and phytotoxicity against lemna minor. GCMS analysis revealed a predominance of fatty acid methyl esters in the hexane extract, while the DCM extract had more ketone metabolites. The DCM extract had significant (p < .05) higher free radical scavenging and antioxidative burst activities compared to the hexane. Both extracts revealed a significantly (p < .05) high phytotoxicity activity. Results from this study indicated that solvent type played a vital a role in the extraction of secondary metabolites, which are responsible for the observed biological activities. The higher activities by the DCM extract can be attributed to its constituents as revealed by GCMS analysis. There is great need to explore the phytotoxicity potentials of both extracts as natural herbicides.
The current phytochemical investigation on Buxus hyrcana Pojark. has resulted in the isolation of the triterpenoid alkaloids 1-10. The structures of five new alkaloids, hyrcanone (1), hyrcanol (2), hyrcatrienine (3), N(b)-dimethylcycloxobuxoviricine (4), and hyrcamine (5), were elucidated by means of modern spectroscopic techniques, while the known alkaloids, buxidin (6), buxandrine (7), buxabenzacinine (8), buxippine-K (9) and E-buxenone (10), were identified by comparing their spectral data with those reported earlier. Compounds 1 and 3-9 were found to be acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors. The IC50 values were estimated to be in the range of 83.0-468.0 microM against AChE and 1.12-350.0 microM against BChE. The structure-activity relationship studies suggested that the presence of dimethylamino moieties at C(3) and C(20) is the most important factor influencing the activity of these compounds against the cholinesterase enzymes. All compounds were also evaluated for cytotoxicity on a fibroblast cell line with incubation of 24 h. No cytotoxic effects were exerted by any compound.
We have performed 3D Finite Element Model simulation of current pathways in the thorax. In order to validate our modeling techniques, [l], [2] we have performed animal studies and compared the results from these experiments with those from simulation. Computed voltages were obtained using a three-dimensional finite element model constructed from an X-ray CT scans of the experimental animal.
The date fruit has been shown to possess several health benefits. This study aims to determine the effects of date fruit consumption on the onset and progression of labour.A randomised controlled clinical study was conducted on 89 participants to assess the effects of date fruit consumption on the onset and progression of labour. Twenty-six participants consumed date fruits alone, and 32 consumed date fruits followed by drinking of water. Thirty-one served as controls.There was a significant positive impact of consuming (rutab) date fruits on maternal outcomes in both the first and third stages of labour (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). In addition, there was a significant relationship with the foetal well-being factors, such as healthy liquor, foetal heart rate, presence of caput, and Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration (APGAR) score at 5 min (p < 0.05). The other maternal and foetal well-being factors showed no significant relationship with consumption of date fruits during labour.The present study showed a promising effect of (rutab) date fruit consumption on the duration of the stages of labour. No significant differences were observed between the date fruit consumers and their counterparts regarding cervical dilatation; rupture of membranes; strength, frequency, and regularity of uterine contractions; tocometric reports; and maternal progression factors. Additionally, the APGAR score at 5 min was better among the infants whose mothers consumed date fruits.ثبت أن ثمار التمر لها فوائد صحية عديدة. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد آثار ثمار التمر في تسهيل بداية وتطور الولادة.أجريت هذه الدراسة السريرية العشوائية المحكمة على ٨٩ مشاركة لتقييم آثار ثمار التمر التي أعطيت في بداية المخاض على سير الولادة. تناولت ٢٦ مشاركة ثمار التمر فقط، وأعطيت ٣٢ مشاركة ثمار التمر متبوعة بشرب الماء، وأدرجت ٣١ في مجموعة التحكم.كان هناك تأثير إيجابي ذو دلالة احصائية لاستهلاك (الرطب) ثمار التمر على نتائج الأمهات لكل من المرحلتين الأولى والثالثة من المخاض. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، كان هناك علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية بين عوامل سلامة الجنين مثل صفاء السائل السلي، وانتظام معدل قلب الجنين، وظهور انتفاخ بفروة الرأس، والنبض، والتجهم، والنشاط، والتنفس درجة (أبجار) عند خمس دقائق. ولم تظهر العوامل الأخرى لسلامة الأم والجنين أي علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية بين من تناولن ثمار التمر أثناء الولادة.أظهرت الدراسة الحالية تأثيرا واعدا لثمار التمر (الرطب) على مدة مرحلة الولادة. لم يلاحظ أي فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين من تناولن التمر ونظرائهن فيما يتعلق بتوسع عنق الرحم، وتمزق الأغشية، وقوة، وتكرار، وانتظام تقلص الرحم، وتقارير قياس توكو وعوامل سير الولادة لدي الأمهات. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، كانت درجة أبجار عند خمس دقائق أفضل بين الأطفال الذين تناولت أمهاتهم ثمار التمر.
Recent evidence suggests an important role for natural honey in modulating immune response. To identify active components responsible, this study investigated the immunomodulatory properties of glycoproteins and glycopeptides fractionated from Ziziphus honey. Honey proteins/peptides were fractionated by size exclusion chromatography into five peaks with molecular masses in the range of 2–450 kDa. The fractionated proteins exhibited potent, concentration-dependent inhibition of reactive oxygen species production in zymosan-activated human neutrophils (IC50 = 6–14 ng/mL) and murine macrophages (IC50 = 2–9 ng/mL). Honey proteins significantly suppressed the nitric oxide production by LPS-activated murine macrophages (IC50 = 96–450 ng/mL). Moreover, honey proteins inhibited the phagocytosis latex bead macrophages. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α by human monocytic cell line in the presence of honey proteins was analyzed. Honey proteins did not affect the production of IL-1β; however, TNF-α production was significantly suppressed. These findings indicated that honey glycoproteins and glycopeptides significantly interfere with molecules of the innate immune system.
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