Produtos fitossanitários podem influenciar de maneira negativa a atratividade ou o comportamento de visitantes florais. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência desses produtos na diversidade de espécies e frequência de visitação floral nas culturas do pimentão e do tomateiro após a aplicação de produtos fitossanitários. Os produtos aplicados foram ciantraniliprole, ciantraniliprole + tiametoxam, tiametoxam, imidacloprido, ciantraniliprole + abamectina e diafentiurom. Os ensaios foram realizados em campo no período de junho a novembro de 2012. Foram avaliados o número total de espécies e o número de visitas de visitantes florais no período de 26 de junho de 2012 a 11 de setembro de 2012 para a cultura do tomateiro e de 25 de setembro de 2012 a 13 de novembro de 2012 para a cultura do pimentão. Para o cultivo do tomateiro, foi encontrado um total de 8 espécies de visitantes florais; para a cultura do pimentão, foram verificadas 27 espécies. Os produtos fitossanitários aplicados tanto na cultura do tomateiro quanto na do pimentão não reduziram o número de visitantes florais nem a frequência de visitação dos insetos, demonstrando seletividade ecológica.
ABSTRACT Pesticides can negatively influence on the attractiveness or behavior of floral visitors. Thus the present study aimed to evaluate the influence on species diversity and frequency floral visitation in chili and tomato crop after the application of pesticides. The products applied were ciantraniliprole, ciantraniliprole + thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, ciantraniliprole + abamectin and diafenthiuron. Assays were performed in the field during the period from June to November 2012. It was evaluated the total number of species and the number of visits of floral visitors in the period from 26/06/2012 to 11/09/2012 for the tomato crop and 25/09/2012 to 13/11/2012 for the chili crop. In the tomato crop was found a total of eight species of flower visitors, and to the chili crop was verified 27 species. The pesticides applied both in the tomato and chili crop did not reduce the number of floral visitors and the frequency of visitation of insects, showing ecological selectivity.
The predatory bug Orius insidiosus is an important biological control agent of several insect pests, and is one of the most commonly used species in biological control programs worldwide. This study assessed the lethal and sublethal effects of insecticides on this species through life table, and classified the insecticides according to the definitions of toxicity given by the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants (IOBC). A bioassay was carried out using a completely randomized design with eight treatments and 40 replicates. Eggs of O. insidiosus laid naturally in plant stems were immersed in aqueous solutions of the chemical products. Egg viability, duration of the embryonic period, survival of nymphs, and duration of the nymphal period were assessed daily. Insects that reached adulthood were paired and their reproduction assessed. The number of eggs produced and the survival of adults were assessed daily. The insecticides abamectin, cartap hydrochloride, spirotetramat+imidacloprid, and flubendiamid were classified as harmful. Pyriproxyfen and rynaxypyr were categorized as harmless and pymetrozine was classified as slightly harmful. Pyriproxyfen affected the population parameters rm, GT, DT, and λ, whereas other insecticides did not.
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